220 COMPOSITE. [SENEOIO: 



Fens of tlie Eastern counties, very rare ; fl. June-July. Biennial. Stem 2-3 ft., 

 stout, ribbed, unbranched. Leaves 3-5 in., ^-amplexicaul, oblong-lanceolate, 

 sinuate-toothed, acute or obtuse. Heads -1 in. diam.,pale yellow, crowded 

 in compound corymbs, broadly campanulate, short, as is the peduncle, 

 villous with crisped hairs ; invol. bracts many, slender. Ray-Ji. short. 

 DISTEIB. From Gothland to France and Austria, N. Asia, N. America 

 (Arctic). 



9. S. campes'tris, DO. ; scapigerous, pubescent and cottony, leaves 

 petioled, heads lew, fruit ribbed silky. Cineraria integrifolia, With. 



Dry banks and chalk clowns, York, Lincoln, and from Cambridge to Gloster, 

 and Sussex to Dorset ; fl. May-June. Rootstock short, fibres thick. Radical 

 leaves 1-2 in., spreading, coriaceous, shortly petioled, ovate, obtuse, entire 

 or sinuate-toothed, pubescent under the cottony hairs. Scape 4-12 in., 

 stout or slender; bracts narrow, long, appressed. Heads 1 in. diam., pale 

 yellow ; peduncle stout, erect, bracteate at the base ; involucre broadly 

 campanulate ; bracts narrow obtuse. Ray-fl. as long as the bracts. DISTKIB. 

 Europe (Arctic) to France and Italy, N. Asia, N. America. 



YAR. marifima, Syme (S. spathulafo'lius, B.ib. not DC.), is a tall form with 

 broadly-toothed leaves. Maritime rocks, Am;lesea ; Mickle fell, Yorkshire. 



22. ARC'TIUM, L. BURDOCK. 



Stout, erect, branching, biennial herbs. Leaves alternate, the lower very 

 large. Heads solitary racemed or corymbose, not rayed, purple or white ; 

 involucre globose ; bracts very many, imbricate, coriaceous, appressed below, 

 with long, stiff, spreading, hooked tips ; receptacle flat ; scales rigid, subu- 

 late. Corolla-tube narrow, limb campanulate ; lobes 5, slender. Filaments 

 papillose ; anthers with a long terminal appendage, cells with subulate 

 tails. Style-arms connate, pubescent below, obtuse. Fruit large, oblong 

 or obovoid, laterally compressed, transversely wrinkled, base areolate ; 

 pappus-hairs multi-seriate, short, free, filiform, scabrid. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 N. and W. Asia ; introd. into N. America ; species 6 or 7. ETYM. &PKTOS, 

 a bear, from its coarse appearance. 



A. Lap'pa, L. ; leaves ovate-cordate entire or sinuate-toothed. 



Waste places; fl. July- Aug. Glabrous or cottony, 2-4 ft., very variable. 

 Leaves often 1 ft., glabrous above, usually densely cottony beneath. Heads 

 f-1^ in. diam., webbed or not; peduncle very stout; invol. bracts slender, 

 angled, rigid, spreading. Corolla and stamens purple, styles white. Fruit 

 compressed, angled, ribbed, grey mottled with black. Young stalks formerly 

 eaten boiled, and as salad. The following forms present no constant 

 characters. 



A. LAP'PA proper; petioles hollow, heads sub-corymbose hemispherical gla- 

 brous all green, corolla-tube longer than the limb. A. ma' jus, Schkuhr. 

 From York and Lancaster southd., Channel Islands. VAT*, subtcmentosa, 

 Lange (A. tomento'sum, Bab.), has more spherical and webbed heads. 



Sub-sp. A. MI'NUS, Schkuhr ; heads subracemose more ovoid glabrous or 

 cottony, inner invol. bracts purplish, corolla-tube as long as the limb. 

 Advances North to Skye. VAR. mi'nus proper; root-leaves coarsely 



