HIERACIUM.] COMPOSITE. 233 



H. AURANTI'ACUM, L. ; rootstock creeping, stolons short or 0, heads 

 corymbose, invol. bracts obtuse, ligules orange, styles brown. 

 Naturalized in copses in the N. of England and Scotland ; fl. June-July. A 

 larger plant than H. Pilosella ; leaves not pubescent beneath ; flowers 

 orange-red. DISTRIB. Scandinavia, Pyrenees to the Carpathians. 



SECTION 2. Pulmona'rea. Stolons 0. Rootstoclc forming in autumn 

 buds which in the following year develop rosettes of persistent leaves and 

 a naked or 1 -few-leaved scape. Invol. bracts irregularly imbricate. Ligules 

 hairy at the back and tip, or tip only. Fruit short, furrowed, without a 

 crenate disk ; pappus-hairs rigid, unequal. 



2. H. alpi'num, L. ; green, not glaucous, softly hairy and shaggy, scape 

 4-10 in. with 1-2 small leaves or 0, invol. bracts softly silky, outer lax or 

 spreading, ligules hairy on the back or tip. 



Alps, N. Wales, Westmoreland to Sutherland, alt. 2,000-4,000 ft., rare ; fl. 

 July-Aug. Heads 1-1J in. diam., bright or pale yellow. DISTRIB. N. and 

 Arctic zones, Alps of Mid. and S. Europe, exclusive of Pyrenees. The 

 following varieties appear to be very local. 



H. alpi'num proper (H. melanoceph r alum,T&uscb..) ; leaves lanceolate or spathit- 

 late nearly glabrous above, head solitary, iuvol. hemispheric, hairs black, 

 bracts all acute, outer lax, style yellow. Forfar, Aberdeen. VAR. //. 

 holoseric'eum, Backh. (//. alpi'num, Eiigl. Bot.) ; leaves spathulate or 

 lanceolate obtuse entire hairy on both surfaces, heads solitary, invol. 

 turbinate, hairs long white, outer bracts broad obtuse, inner acute appress- 

 ed, style yellow. Scotland and Cumberland. VAR. H. exim'ium, Backh. ; 

 (//. mllosum, Eugl. Bot.) ; taller, 6-15 in., leaves lanceolate hairy on 

 both surfaces, heads 1 or few, invol. truncate below, hairs black, bracts 

 many slender acute, style yellow or livid. H. tenellum, Lond. Cat., is a 

 slender form of this. Scotland. VAR. H. calendulijio'rum, Backh. ; stem 

 simple or branched, leaves broadly obovate obtuse toothed, primordial 

 orbicular, invol. rounded at the base, hairs silky black, bracts acute, style 

 livid. Scotland. The handsomest form, indicating a passage to H. 

 niyrescens. 



3. H. nigres'cens, Willd. ; more or less covered with scattered soft 

 hairs, scape 6-18 in. with 1-2 small leaves or 0, involucre villous, hairs 

 black glandular, outer bracts lax, ligules glabrous or nearly so. 



Alps, York to Sutherland ; ascends to 4,500 ft. ; fl. Aug.-Sept. Intermediate 

 between H. alpinum and Lawsoni in size, altitudinal distribution and area. 

 Usually larger and more slender than alpinum, with broader, narrower, 

 coarsely toothed leaves, much shorter soft hairs, and blacker bristles and 

 glands on the involucre ; heads as large. 



H. nigres'cens proper (//. pulmona'rium, Sm.) ; leaves with large irregular 

 teeth, cauliue few, involucre dark green ovoid at the base, bracts rather 

 broad outer obtuse tips woolly, flowers deep yellow, style dark. Scotland. 

 VAR. H. yracilen'tum, Backh. ; green, root-leaves lanceolate, canline few 

 large, involucre ventricose black with soft hairs and glands, bracts broad 

 woolly at the tips, ligules nearly glabrous on the back, styles livid. Scotland. 

 Very near alpinum indeed. VAR. H. ylolo'sum, Backh. ; glaucous or green, 



