234 COMPOSITE. [HIERACIUM. 



radical leaves ovate, cauline few small bract-like or 0, buds globose, heads 

 large, involucre rounded at the base at last spherical, bracts appressed, 

 styles yellow. Scotland. YAR. H. ckrysan'thum, Backh. ( H. atratum, Bab.) ; 

 green, radical leaves ovate sharply coarsely toothed long-petioled, cauline 

 minute narrow petioled, involucre rounded at the base, hairs and glandular 

 hairs short, bracts many, styles yellow or faintly livid. (H. microcepludum, 

 Lond.Cat., is a small-headed form.) Frequent in Scotland, rare in Cumber- 

 land. YAR. H. senes'cens, Backh. ; green, radical leaves lanceolate evenly 

 toothed, cauline linear-lanceolate petioled, heads 2 or more, involucre ovoid 

 at the base, bracts woolly at the tip incurved in bud, styles yellow. Scot- 

 land. YAR. H. lingula'tum, Backh. (H. saxifrayum, Bab. ; H. divarica'tum, 

 Don) ; green, 15-24 in., radical leaves few toothed coarsely hairy above, 

 petiole short, cauline few sessile, heads several, involucre "broad, base at 

 length truncate, dark with hairs, bracts straight in bud, styles livid. 

 S cotland. 



4. H. ang'licum, Fries; glaucous green, stem 1-2 ft. more or less 

 leafy slightly hairy or glabrous below, radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 petioles shaggy, cauline oblong or ovate broad sessile amplexicaul, heads 

 1-5, 1-1| in. diam., ligules many, styles livid. If. Lawso'ni, Sm. in part, 

 not Yillars. 



Mountain districts, York to Orkney ; ascends to 2,700 ft. ; Ireland ; fl, July- 

 Aug. A handsome species, best characterised by its size, ovate-lanceolate 

 leaves, shaggy petioles, several (rarely 1) large bright-coloured heads, and 

 livid styles. DISTRIB. Pyrenees. 



H. ANG'LICUM proper (H. cerinthoi'des, Backh. not L. ; H. decipiens, Syme) ; 

 petioles long shaggy winged, cauline leaves 1-2 ovate, heads 2-5, involu- 

 cre ventricose rounded at the base, bracts slender, ligules hairy at the tip 

 (b. amplexicau'le and c. acutifo'lium of Lond. Cat. are forms of this). 



Sub-sp. FRICUM, Fries (H. Lapeyrou'sii, Bab. not Frcel.) ; more robust and 

 leafy, radical leaves in a less marked rosette or scattered, petioles shorter, 

 cauline broadly ovate not contracted above the base, involucre truncate at 

 the base constricted after flowering, ligules glabrous. This, which is con- 

 fined to Britain and Ireland, bears much the same relation in foliage to 

 Lawso'ni that tridenta'tum does to vulc/a'tum. 



5. H. muro'rum, L. ; green or glaucous, stem 1-2 ft. glabrous or hairy 

 below, primordial leaves suborbicular, radical in a distinct rosette ovate 

 acute cordate or rounded at the base entire or toothed, cauline or very 

 few, heads 2-6 f-1 in. diam., peduncles floccose and covered with scattered 

 simple and gland-tipped hairs. 



Woods, heaths, walls and rocks. N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,000 ft. ; Ireland ; 

 fl. July-Sept. The commonest Hieracium of Britain except Pilosel'la and 

 sylvat'icum, and best distinguished from H. any'licum by the smaller heads 

 and less robust habit ; and from H. niyres'cens by its large size and less 

 villous or hairy stem and involucres ; but there is every transition between 

 these and the following. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N.W. Asia, Himalaya, 

 N. America. I can make nothing of the following sub-species and varieties, 

 which are adopted from Backhouse's monograph. 



