HIERACITJM.] COMPOSITE. 235 



H. MUR</RrM proper ; green, radical leaves toothed slightly hairy, petioles 

 slender, cauline often large and petioled, heads many small, peduncles 

 short, involucre rather ventricose more or less villous with black and gland- 

 tipped hairs, styles livid or yellow. The common form. VAR. //. nit'idum, 

 Backh. ; radical leaves dark green lanceolate coarsely toothed, involucre 

 more ventricose, style yellow. Aberdeen and Argyll. The passage to H. 

 niyres'cens. 



Sub-sp. H. CESIUM, Fries (H. muro'rmn, Sm.) ; dull glaucous green, radical 

 leaves coriaceous usually narrowed to a toothed base glabrous above, cauline 

 or very small and sessile, heads few large, involucre subglobose almost 

 glandless and less hairy hoary with stellate down, ligules bright yellow glab- 

 rous, styles livid. English, Welsh, and Scotch Mts. The passage to H. 

 sylvat'icum. VAR. H. flocculo'sum, Backh. (H. stellig'ertim, Backh. not 

 Frcel.) ; ashy-green, stem floccose throughout rather leafy, radical leaves 

 more or less toothed narrowed into long petioles stellately downy on both 

 surfaces, cauline large |-amplexicaul, involucre ovoid hoary with whitish 

 hairs, bracts acuminate. Clova Mts. VAR. H. obtusifo'lium, Backh. ; yellow 

 green, stem 1-leaved, petioles densely villous, peduncles spreading, involucre 

 ventricose truncate at the base, ligules hairy at the tips. Clova Mts. 



Sub-sp. H. PAI/LIDUM, Fines ; very glaucous, radical leaves ovate or lanceolate 

 conspicuously fringed with long hairs, cauline sessile or the lower petioled, 

 heads 2-6, involucre ventricose base ovoid constricted above with few simple 

 or gland-tipped hairs, bracts appressed acute, styles yellow. England, 

 S?otland,and Ireland. Very near H. any'licum. VAR. H. cineras'cens, Jord. 

 (H. lasiophyl'lum, Bab.) ; still more hairy and glaucous, stem hairy fragile, 

 peduncles and involucres more densely setose and hoary. VAR. H. aryen'- 

 teum, Fries ; very glaucous, almost glabrous, stem fragile fistular and sub- 

 entire radical leaves almost glabrous, cauline sessile or the lower petioled, 

 peduncles long rigid and small involucres with scattered hairs. VAR. H. 

 Gibso'ni, Backh. (H. hypochceroi'des, Gibs.) ; stem wiry often forked, radical 

 leaves broadly ovate, base obtuse spotted with purple, teeth small, petioles 

 slender short, peduncles rigid floccose and setose, invol. bracts short broad 

 obtuse margins downy, styles yellow. Yorkshire and Ireland on mountain 

 limestone. VAR. H. ayyreya'tum, Backh. ; radical leaves broader obtuse 

 toothed below glabrous or hairy beneath and ciliate, cauline subsessile, 

 peduncles erect crowded umbellate and narrow turbinate involucres densely 

 floccose, bracts obtuse. Aberdeen and Forfar alps. 



6. H. sylvat'icum, Sm. ; green or glaucous, stem 1-3 ft. nearly gla- 

 brous below, primordial leaves lanceolate, radical petioled distinctly alter- 

 nate lanceolate sharply toothed or subpinnatifid, teeth pointing forwards, 

 cauline 2-8, heads f-1 in. diam. panicled or corymbose and peduncles 

 "floccose and with simple and gland-tipped hairs rarely naked, ligules 

 glabrous, styles livid. 



Banks and copses, from Ross southd. ; ascends to 3,500 ft. in the Highlands ; 

 rare in Ireland ; fl. July-Sept. Best distinguished from H. muro'rum by the 

 narrower leaves less crowded in a rosette, and more leafy stem ; but some 

 vars. of muro'rum, as c&'sium and nit'idum y show this foliage. The most leafy 

 states, asc/oth'icum and tridentct'tum, show a passage to lorea'le and croca'tum. 

 DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, N. America. 



