236 COMPOSITE. [HiEiiACiuM. 



H. SYLVAT'ICUM proper (//. vulga'tum, Fries; H. macula'tum, Sm.) ; green or 

 glaucous, stem 1-1^ ft. hardly leafy, radical leaves petioled in a persistent 

 loose rosette toothed in the middle or nearly entire often spotted, cauline 

 petioled upper sessile, heads many, peduncles straight, involucre cylindric 

 in bud floccose and with gland-tipped hairs, bracts equal alternate subacute. 

 Very common. YAR. cine'reum, Backh. ; ashy green or glaucous, stem 

 branched, radical leaves few, cauline subentire, heads nearly glabrous, bracts 

 broad more obtuse. Orme's Head. YAR. rubes'cens, Backh. ; green, stem 

 robust purplish, leaves ovate, cauline 1-2, heads few large, bracts broad 

 subacuminate. Settle, Yorkshire. H. nemoro'sum is a leafy form passing 

 into tridenta'tum ; monta'num 1 do not know ; macroc eph'alum is a large- 

 headed alpine form. 



Sub-sp. H, GOTH'ICUM, Fries ; dark green, stem 2-4 ft. rigid slender leafy 

 simple or branched above, radical leaves withering in summer shortly 

 petioled, cauline ovate or lanceolate acute toothed in the middle, upper 

 sessile, heads small few, involucre subglobose dark green glabrous or nearly 

 so, bracts imbricate broad obtuse, ligules glabrous, styles yellow or with 

 livid hairs. Subalpine districts, N. Wales, York to Aberdeen ; Ireland. 

 Yery distinct at first sight, but intermediates occur with H. sylvat'icum, as 

 also with borea'le. YAR. latifo'lium, Backh., is a Clova Mt. plant with more 

 numerous and broader leaves. 



Sub-sp. H. TRIDENTA'TUM, Fries; green, stem 2-5 ft. rigid leafy subcorym- 

 bosely branched, radical leaves or withering in summer obtuse, cauline 

 ovate or lanceolate sparingly toothed in the middle acute rounded at the 

 base, branches and peduncles slender leafless, involucre constricted in the 

 middle after flowering. Hilly districts, York to Devon and Kent ; N. 

 Wales. Forms the passage to the Accipitri'na group. 



Sub-sp. H. DEWA'RI, Syrne ; bright green, stem 1-3 ft. sparingly leafy corym- 



bosely branched, lower leaves elliptic petiole winged, cauline ovate-lanceolate 



J-amplexicaul, heads few loosely panicled and peduncles sparingly hairy and 



setose, involucre cylindric from a conic base, bracts dark green obtuse, outer 



few short appressed, inner with pale margins. Scotland. 



SECTION 3. Accipitri'na. Stolons 0. Rootstock forming in autumn 



buds which develop in the following year early withering radical leaves 



and an erect very leafy stem. Invol. bracts imbricate in 2 or many series. 



Ligules glabrous or tip minutely hairy. Fruit short, furrowed, without a 



crenate disk ; pappus-hairs rigid, unequal. 



7. H. prenanthoi'des, Villars ; stem 2-3 ft., leaves oblong or linear- 

 oblong reticulate and glaucous beneath denticulate, lower petioles am- 

 plexicaul, upper cordate and auricled, heads in branched leafy corymbose 

 panicles usually thickly clothed with black gland-tipped hairs, peduncles 

 short floccose, ligules hairy at the tip, styles dark or yellowish. H. denti- 

 cula'tum, Sm. 



Subalpine regions, York to Orkney ; ascends to 2,400 ft. ; Wicklow in Ireland ; 

 fl. Aug.-Sept. Stem rigid, hairy or glabrous, leafy, often much branched. 

 Leaves ciliate, hairy on both surfaces. Peduncles spreading, short, hoary. 

 Heads in. diaih. ; involucre cyliudric in bud; bracts few, outer short. 

 DISTRTB. Europe (Arctic and Alpine), Siberia, Himalaya. 

 Of H. strict turn. Fries, I have seen no British specimens; Fries' specimen 

 differs from prenanthoi'des chiefly in the larger heads. 



