HIERACIUM.] COMPOSITE. 237 



8. H. umbella'tum, L. ; stem 1-2 ft. wiry hairy or shaggy below, 

 leaves sessile narrowly linear or oblong-lanceolate base narrowed toothed, 

 heads subumbellate, and peduncles stellately downy but hairless, bracts 

 many tips recurved, ligules glabrous, styles yellow. 



Thickets, &c., in dry and rocky places, from Koxburgh and Dumfries to Corn- 

 wall and Kent ; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Yorks.; local in Ireland; Channel 

 Islands; fl. July-Sept. Usually very distinct, from its short stem, wiry 

 habit, many narrow leaves, large subumbellate glabrous heads and recurved 

 bracts, but varieties pass into croca'tum. Leaves generally uniform, teeth 

 distant, reticulate, stellately downy beneath. Involucre ovoid or sub- 

 cylindric, dark or pale ; peduncles slender, rigid. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), 

 N. and W. Asia to the Himalaya, N. America (H . canaden'se, Fries). 



YAH. Jttifo'lium, Backh. ; stem leafy throughout, leaves very narrow margins 

 revolute quite entire. Lough Neagh. 



9. H. croca'tum, Fries ; stem 2-4 ft., glabrous or hairy, leaves lanceo- 

 late or oblong sessile base rounded narrowed or truncate toothed or entire 

 often glaucous beneath, heads and peduncles downy glabrous or hairy, 

 bracts appressed obtuse, ligules glabrous, style livid or yellow, pappus 

 almost white or discoloured. 



Mountain districts, from Wales and York to Orkney ; ascends to 1,200 ft. ; 

 Ireland, rare ; fl. July-Sept. Intermediate between umbella'tum and borea'le. 

 H.jurdnum, Fries (H. Borre'ri, Syme), a plant from Selkirk ? with evident 

 root leaves and few broad stem leaves, seems intermediate between this and 

 sylvat'icum. Syme refers it to prenanthoi'des, but to me it appears quite 

 different. DISTRIB. Arctic, Mts. of N. and Mid. Europe, Himalaya. 



H. CBOCA'TUM proper ; leaves sessile base rounded lower narrowed below, 

 nerves obscure, heads simple subcorymbose, base broad, invol. bracts usually 

 glabrous, H. inuloi'des, Tausch. Mountain districts. 



Sub-sp. H. CORYMBO'SUM, Fries ; more robust, branches spreading or ascending, 

 leaves ovate irregularly toothed hairy above glaucous and loosely reticulate 

 beneath, heads many paniclecl, involucre ultimately truncate sparsely 

 hairy, pappus tawny. H. riy'idum, Backh. not Fries. York to Orkney ; 

 Antrim. Leaves of H. borea'le, but upper amplexicaul more glaucous and 

 nerved. 



10. H. borea'le, Fries ; stem 2-4 ft. very hairy below stellately downy 

 above, leaves broad at the base ovate or oA^ate-lanceolate toothed lower 

 petioled upper broader sessile, heads many in leafy panicles or corymbs, 

 peduncles fioccose, involucre ovoid dark nearly glabrous, bracts .broad ob- 

 tuse, ligules glabrous, style livid. H. sabau'dum, Sm. ; H. heterophyl'lum, 

 Bladon. 



Hedgebanks, copses, &c., Skye, and from Banff and Dumbarton southd. ; 

 rarer in Scotland ; Ireland ; fl. Aug.-Oct.Stem often reddish, leafy through- 

 out. Leaves with teeth pointing forwards, lowest with villous petioles. 

 Heads |-1 in. diam. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, rare in Scandinavia. 

 Allied to yoth'icnm, but without radical leaves, heads smaller, invol. bracts 

 more numerous. 



