238 COMPOSITE. [HYPOCIKERIS. 



37. HYPOCHCE'RIS, L. CAl's-EAR. 



Annual or perennial scapigerous herbs ; juice milky. Leaves radical, 

 pinnatifid. Heads on simple or dichotomously branched scapes ; invol. 

 bracts in many series, imbricate ; receptacle flat, with narrow membranous 

 scales. Corollas all ligulate ; anther- cells shortly tailed ; upper part of 

 style and its short obtuse arms hairy. Fruit striate, scabrous, beak of 

 the outer very short or 0, of the inner long, slender ; pappus of one row 

 of feathery hairs with usually an outer row of short, stiff bristles, Dis- 

 TKIB. Europe, W. Asia ; species 30. ETYM. doubtful. 



1. H. gla'bra, L. ; annual, leaves narrowly ob ovate -oblong toothed or 

 sinuate, scapes many branched, involucre as long as the flowers, outer 

 pappus short. 



Dry fields, &c., from the Clyde and Elgin to Devon and Kent ; rare in Scot- 

 t land ; Channel Islands ; fl. June- Aug. Almost glabrous. Leaves spreading, 

 2-4 in., rarely pinnatifid, obtuse or subacute. Scapes several, 6-12 in., 

 slender or stout, naked or with 1-2 scale-like leaves ; peduncles erect. 

 - Heads ^ in., yellow, cylindric ; involucre subcylindric ; bracts very un- 

 equal, few, green, linear, acute. Fruit red-brown ; pappus dirty white, 

 longer than the involucre. DISTRIB. From Gothland southd, N. Africa, 

 W. Asia. 



H. gla'lra proper ; marginal fruits not beaked. VAR. H. Balbis'ii, Lois. ; all 

 the fruits beaked. Kent, Shropshire, Channel Islands. 



2. H. radica'ta, L. ; perennial, leaves narrowly obovate-oblong sinuate- 

 or runcinate-pinnatifid, scapes many branched, involucre shorter than the 

 flowers, outer pappus short. 



Meadows, waste places, &c., 1ST. to Orkney ; ascends to 1,600 ft. in the High- 

 lands ; Ireland; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept. Hispid, rarely glabrous. 

 Leaves many, 3-10 in., hispid on both surfaces. Scapes 6-18 in., stout ; 

 peduncles with small scale-like leaves. Heads 1-1^ in. diam., yellow ; in- 

 volucre subcampanulate ; bracts many, green, attenuated to the tip, often 

 strongly ciliate on the margin and back. Fruits red-brown, all beaked, 

 strongly muricate. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa. 



3. H. macula'ta, L. ; perennial, leaves obovate-spathulate sinuate- 

 toothed, scapes 1 or few, involucre shorter than the flowers ciliate with 

 curly hairs, outer pappus 0. Achyropti orus macula' tus, Scop. 



Chalk and limestone pastures, rare, Westmoreland, N. Wales, Cornwall, Cam- 

 bridge, Suffolk, Essex ; Channel Islands ; fl. July- Aug. Hispid. Leaves 

 sessile, 1-4 in., often spotted above. Scape stout, glabrous above, rarely 

 forked, with 1-2 scale-like leaves. Heads 1 in. diam., yellow ; involucre 

 broadly campanulate ; .bracts many, slender. Fruits all beaked ; faintly 

 muricate ; pappus white. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia. 



38. LEON'TODON, L. HAWKBIT. 



Perennial, scapigerous herbs ; juice milky. Leaves all radical, obovate, 

 sinuate-toothed or pinnatifld. Heads on simple or branched scapes, 



