LEONTODON.] COMPOSITE. 239 



yellow ; invol. bracts many, in several series, outer smaller ; receptacle 

 flat, naked. Flowers all ligulate ; anther- cells not tailed ; style-arms 

 linear ' obtuse, and upper parts of style hairy. Fruit terete, grooved, 

 transversely rugose ; beak short ; pappus-hairs rigid, 1-2-seriate, slightly 

 dilated at the base, outer simple and rough, or the outer of toothed scales 

 and the inner of one series of feathery hairs. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia ; 

 species about 25. ETYM. \eW and oSous, from the toothed leaves. 



SECTION 1. Pappus of outer flowers of toothed scales, of inner of 

 feathery hairs. Buds drooping. 



1. Ii. hir'tus, L. ; leaves hispid oblong or lanceolate. Hedyp'nois, Sm. 

 Thrin'cia, Roth. 



Gravelly pastures, &c., from Durham southd. ; Edinburgh to Eoxburgh only in 

 Scotland ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug. A hispid biennial ; 

 hairs often forked. Leaves 3-6 in., long-petioled. Scapes very many, 4-8 

 in. Heads |-| in. diam. ; involucre campanulate ; bracts lanceolate, sub- 

 acute, keeled, glabrous, edges and back hispid or ciliate. Fruit 1 in., closely 

 grooved and minutely muricate, outer stouter curved almost smooth ; 

 pappus white. DISTRIB. From Gothland southd. 



SECTION 2. Pappus of all the flowers 2-seriate, slender ; outer short, 

 scabrid ; inner longer, base dilated, feathery. Buds drooping. 



2. L. his'pidus, L. ; leaves hispid oblong-lanceolate. Hedyp'nois, Sm. 

 Apar'gia, Willd. 



Meadows, &c., on dry soil, from Isla and Forfar southd. ; ascends to near 

 2,000 ft. in Northumbd. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept. A 

 hispid biennial ; rootstock truncate ; hairs often forked. Leaves 3-5 in. 

 Scapes 6-18 in., few, slender, swollen at the top. Heads H in. diam. ; invo- 

 lucre obconic ; bracts linear lanceolate, tips woolly, obtuse. Fruit slender, 

 ribs very muricate above ; pappus brownish-white. DISTEIB. Europe. 



SECTION 3. Pappus of all the flowers 1-seriate, feathery, base dilated. 

 Buds erect. Oporin'ia, Don. 



3. I*, autumna'lis, L. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate. Apa/rgm, "Willd. 

 Pastures and waste places, 1ST. to Shetland ; ascends to 3,000 ft. in the High- 

 lands ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. Glabrous below ; hispid 

 above ; rootstock truncate. Leaves 4-10 in., variable, entire or pinnatifid. 

 Scape ascending, usually solitary, branched, rarely simple, bracteate ; 

 peduncles swollen above. Heads -l|? in. diam., involucre obconic or cam- 

 panulate ; bracts glabrous, hispid, or in subalpine districts clothed with black 

 hairs (L. praterisis, Koch.; Apar'gia Tarax'aci,JIornem.), outer subulate, 

 inner linear obtuse. Fruit very slender, ribbed, slightly muricate ; pappus 

 brownish-white. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia, Greenland 

 introcl. in N. America. 



39. TAR AX' A CUM, Juss. DANDELION. 



Perennial, scapigerous herbs ; juice milky. Leaves all radical, entire 

 or pinnatifid. Heads solitary, scapes fistular leafless ; invol. bracts 



