JASIONE.] CAMPANULACEJE. 245 



J. monta'na, L. ; hispidly pubescent, leaves obovate-oblong. 

 Heathy pastures and light soils, from Kincardine and the Clyde southd. ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept. Habit of Scabiosa. Annual, or 

 biennial (var. littoralis). Stem 6-18 in., branched from the base. Leaves 

 |-1 in., radical petioled; cauline linear -oblong, obtuse, waved or crenate, 

 ciliate. Peduncles long, slender, naked. Heads 1-6, |-f in. diam., hemi- 

 spheric ; bracts ovate, acute, as long as the lilac-blue flowers. Calyx-tube 

 turbinate ; lobes subulate. Corolla-lobes at first coherent, persistent. Capsule 

 small, subglobose. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



3. WAHLENBER'GIA, Schrad. 



Characters of Campanula, but capsule dehiscing within the calyx-lobes. 

 DISTRIB. Trop. and temp, regions ; species 80. ETYM. G. Wahlen- 

 berg, Professor of Botany, Upsala. 



W. hedera'cea, ReicJib. ; glabrous, very slender, creeping, leaves all 

 petioled orbicular or cordate angled or obscurely lobed, peduncles 1-fld. 

 leaf-opposed, corolla cylindric cainpanulate, lobes short. Campanula, L. 

 Bogs and damp woods, in the W. and S. counties, from York to Kent and 



Cornwall ; Argyll to Ayr only in Scotland ; S. and E. Ireland ; Channel 



Islands ; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock creeping. Stems filiform. Leaves ^ \ in. 



diam., membranous, subacutely 5-angled or -lobed, upper often opposite ; 



petiole slender, dilated upwards. Peduncles much longer than the petioles. 



Calyx-tube shortly turbinate ; lobes triangular-subulate, erect. Corolla 



in., pale blue ; lobes obtuse, recurved. Capsule subglobose, membranous. 



DISTRIB. W. Europe, from France to Spain. 



4. PHYTEU'MA, L. 



Perennial herbs. Radical leaves petioled, cauline usually narrow, sessile. 

 Flowers in dense spikes or heads ; involucre of several bracts. Calyx 

 ovoid or obconic ; limb superior, 5-fid. Corolla curved in bud, 5-cleft, 

 segments linear, tardily opening, sometimes at length free. Stamens 5, 

 epigynous, filaments linear dilated at the base ; anthers free. Ovary 2-3- 

 celled ; style filiform, hairy above, stigmas 2-3 short filiform. Capsule 

 ovoid, dehiscing below the middle by longitudinal valves. Seeds many, 

 ovoid or compressed ; embryo straight, cotyledons divaricating. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, W. Asia ; species about 30. ETYM. obscure. 



1. P. orbicula're, L. ; glabrous or slightly hairy, heads globose in 

 flower oblong in fruit, stigmas usually 3. 



Chalk downs, from Kent to Surrey and "Wilts, local ; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock 

 tuberous below. Stems 6-18 in., several, erect or ascending. Radical leaves 

 1-2 in., long-petioled, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, rarely cordate, crenate : 

 cauline few, smaller upwards. Heads -l| in. diam. ; bracts short, oblong, 

 acute. Flowers deep blue. Calyx-tube short ; lobes triangular. Corolla-lobes 

 at length free to the base. 'Capsule short, 2-3-celled. DISTRIB. From 

 Belgium southd., S. Kussia. 



2. P. spica'tum, L. ; glabrous, heads oblong or cylindric in flower 

 elongate in fruit, styles very long, stigmas 2. 



