276 BORAGINE.E. [EcniuM. 



1. E'CHIUM, Tournef. BtJGLO.ss. 



Herbs, sometimes shrubby, usually large, stout, hispid or scabrous with 

 tuberous-based hairs. Leaves entire. Flowers white red purple or blue, 

 in spiked or panicled racemes, honeyed, proterandrous. Calyx 5-partite. 

 Corolla-tube cylindric or funnel-shaped; throat dilated; limb unequally 

 5-lobed. Filaments unequal, adnate to the corolla below, exserted. Style 

 filiform, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets 4, ovoid or turbinate, wrinkled, scabrid, 

 bases flat, receptacle flat. DISTRTB. Chiefly S. Europe and Oriental; 

 species 20. ETYM. %X LS > a viper t of disputed application. 



1. E. vulgare, L. ; cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong base rounded, 

 cymes short, calyx exceeding the corolla-tube, 4 stamens protruded, 5th 

 included. E. italicum, Huds. not L. Viper's Bugloss. 



Waste ground on light soils from Sutherland southd. ; (an alien or colonist in 

 Scotland, Wats.} ; S.E. Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Aug. Root fusi- 

 form, annual or biennial. Stem 1-3 ft., erect or ascending below, stout, 

 leafy. Radical leaves petioled, 4-8 in. ; cauline sessile, acute, rounded at 

 the base. Cymes 1 in. or more, recurved, lengthening in fruit, panicled ; 

 bracts and sepals linear. Corolla iu., red-purple in bud, then bright blue, 

 rarely white. Nutlets angular, rugose. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, AY. 

 Siberia ; introd. in N. America. 



2. E. plantagin'eum, L. ; cauline leaves linear-oblong cordate at the 

 base, calyx much shorter than the corolla-tube, cymes elongate, stamens 

 slightly protruded. E. viola'ceum, Hook, and Am., not of L. 

 Cornwall; Jersey; fl. June-Aug. Root fusiform, annual or biennial. Stem 



1-3 ft., erect or ascending, diffusely branched. Leaves, radical 4-6 in., lanceo- 

 late, petioled ; cauline spreading, obtuse, sometimes dilated at the base. 

 Cymes 4-6 in., spreading, curved. Sepals subulate-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in., 

 dark blue-purple, Nutlets as iu E. vulgare. DISTRIB. W. France, 

 Mediterranean region. 



1*. BORA' GO, Tournef. BORAGE. 



Annual or perennial herbs, hispid with tuberous-based hairs. Flowers 

 in lax forked cymes, bracteate, blue, honeyed, proterandrous. Calyx 5- 

 partite. Corolla rotate, throat closed by notched scales, lobes acute. 

 Stamens 5, on the throat of the corolla, filaments stout, concave, with an 

 obtuse tooth ; anthers elongate, nmeronate, conniving, exserted. Style 

 filiform, stigma capitate. Nutlets 4, rugose, base truncate concave, re- 

 ceptacle flat fleshy. DISTRIB. S. Europe, N. Africa ; species 3. ETYM. 

 doubtful. 



B. OFFICINA'LIS, L. ; stem eruct stout, sepals linear comiivent. 

 Waste ground, near habitations, England, Channel Islands ; an alien or escape ; 

 fl. June- July. Root annual or biennial. Stem 1-3 ft., stout, succulent, 

 leafy, branched. Leaves waved or sinuate-toothed, subacute ; radical 4-6 

 in., ovate-lanceolate, petiole broad, winged ; cauliue sessile or contracted 

 towards the anricled base, upper oblong. Cymes axillary and terminal, few- 



