CYNOGLOSSUM.] BORAGINE^. 283 



8. CYNOGLOS'SUM, Tournef. HOUND'S-TONGUE. 



Coarse hispid villous or silky biennials. Flowers small, blue purple or 

 white, in forked cymes, usually ebracteate. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 

 funnel-shaped, mouth closed by prominent scales ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 

 included. Style rigid, persistent, stigma entire or notched. Nutlets 4, 

 depressed or convex, covered with hooked or barbed bristles, peltately 

 attached to a thickened conical receptacle. DLSTRIB. Temp, and trop. 

 regions, especially Asiatic ; species about 60. ETYM. /ciW and y\wo-aa, 

 dog's tongue, from the texture of the leaf surface. 



1. C. officina'le, L. ; hoary with soft rather appressed hairs, nutlets 

 with a thickened border. 



Fields and waste places, not common, E. Scotland, from Forfar to Kent and 

 Cornwall ; S.E. Ireland, rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. Root fleshy, 

 tapering. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, erect, branched, leafy. Leaves radical, 8-10 

 in., long-pet ioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate ; cauline sessile, linear-oblong 

 or lanceolate, obtuse, base rounded or cordate. Cymes lengthening to 6-10 

 in. ; pedicels recurved, stout, lower often bracteate. Sepals oblong, obtuse, 

 enlarged to y in. in fruit. Corolla in. diam.. dull red-purple. Nutlets j 

 in., face flat ovate with short hooked spines ; border thickened. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, N. Africa, N. and "W. Asia ; introd. in U. States. Narcotic and 

 astringent ; smells like mice. 



2. C. monta'num, LamJc. ; scabrid with short spreading hairs, nutlets 

 without a thickened border. G. sylvat'icum, Hsenke. 



Copses and waste places in Mid. and E. England, rare, from Salop and Norfolk 

 to Kent and Surrey; Dublin; fl. May-July. Habit, &c., of C. ojficina'le, 

 but greener, more slender, with linear sepals in. long in fruit, bluer 

 corollas, and the marginal spines of the nuts largest. DISTRIB. From 

 France and Germany southd. (excl. Greece). 



ORDER LIT. CONVOLVULA'CE-ffi. 



Herbs or shrubs, usually twining (rarely trees) ; juice often milky. 

 Leaves alternate, in Cuscuta, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary or ter- 

 minal racemes, cymes, or heads, rarely solitary, often large, of all colours. 

 Sepals 5, persistent. Corolla hypogynous, regular, tubular bell- or funnel- 

 shaped ; limb 5-lobed or -angled, plaited induplicate or imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla- tube, filaments often unequal and 

 dilated at the base ; anthers sagittate, basifixed, often twisted after 

 flowering. Ovary 2-4- (rarely 1-) celled ; style slender, 2-4-fid, stigmas 

 capitate linear or lamellar ; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, erect from its base, 

 4 in the 1 -celled ovaries. Capsule 1-4-celled, 2-4.-valved, or bursting 

 transversely at the base. Seeds basal, erect ; testa coriaceous or mem- 

 branous, often villous, albumen scanty mucilaginous (fleshy in Cuscuta) ; 

 embryo curved, cotyledons broad thin folded, radicle short (embryo spiral 



