290 PLANTAGINE^, [PLANTAGO. 



equalling or exceeding the leaves ; spikes J-6 in. ; bracts ovate, long acumi- 

 nate, much exceeding the obtuse sepals. Corolla-tube pubescent. Stamens 

 pale yellow. Seeds pale brown. DISTRLB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



2. LlTTOREIi'liA,, L. SHORE-WEED. 



A creeping aquatic perennial herb. Leaves all radical, J-cylindric. 

 Scapes short, few-fld. ; flowers monoecious. MALE fl. solitary. Sepals 

 4. Corolla-tube cylindric, lobes 4. Stamens 4, hypogynous. Ovary rudi- 

 mentary. FEMALE fl. usually 2 at the base of the male scape. Sepals 

 3-4, unequal. Corolla urceolate, mouth 3 -4- toothed. Stamens 0. Ovary 

 flagon-shaped, 1 -celled ; style very long, rigid ; ovule 1 rarely 2, erect, 

 campylotropous, flanked by a column of placental tissue. Fruit bony. 

 Seed erect, testa membranous. DISTEIB. Europe (Arctic) (excl. Turkey, 

 Greece), Azores. ETYM. littus, from growing near shores. 



Ii. lacus'tris, L. ; leaves fleshy lacunose internally. 



Sandy or gravelly edges of lakes and ponds, N. to Sbetland ; ascends to 1,600 

 ft. in the Highlands ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. Aug. Glabrous or 

 puberulous, often forming a submerged matted turf. Eootstock creeping, 

 white, stoloniferous. Leaves 1-4 in., linear- subulate, sheathing at the base. 

 MALE fl. Scape axillary, much shorter than the leaves, 1-2-bracteate below 

 the middle, papillose. Sepals \ in., obtuse, green, edges scarious. Stamens 

 long ; anthers very large, pale. FEMALE fl. subsessile, enclosed in lanceolate 

 bracts. 



ORDER LY. SCROPHULARI'NEJE. 



Herbs or shrubs. Leaves, lower opposite or whorled, upper alternate, 

 rarely all opposite or alternate and stipulate. Inflorescence various, flowers 

 usually irregular, peduncles 2-bracteate at the forks. Calyx inferior, 

 usually persistent, 5-merous. Corolla hypogynous ; lobes 4-5, imbricate 

 or subvalvate in bud. Stamens 4, rarely 2 or 5, inserted on the corolla- 

 tube, with or without a rudimentary fifth ; anthers 1- or 2-celled. Disk 

 annular glandular or cup-shaped. Ovary 2-celled ; style simple, stigma 

 capitate or 2-lobed ; ovules many, very rarely 2 in each cell, anatropous 

 or amphitropous, placentas axile. Fruit a many-seeded capsule, rarely a 

 berry, dehiscence various. Seeds small, testa various, hilum lateral or 

 ventral, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, rarely curved, radicle next the 

 hilum or lateral. DISTRIB. All climates ; genera 157 ; species about 1,900. 

 AFFINITIES. With Orobanehece and Solanece. PROPERTIES, A few are 

 purgative, or emetic, or intensely bitter, or very poisonous. 



SUB-ORDER I. Antirrlii'mclese. Corolla with the posticous (upper) lobes 

 external in bud. 



TRIBE I. VERBAS'CE.ffi, Leaves alternate. Inflorescence centripetal. 

 Corolla rotate. Stamens 5, declinate, unequal 1 . Yerbascum . 



