MARRUBIUM.] LABIATE. 325 



or spreading. Corolla short ; tube naked' or with a ring of hairs inside ; 

 upper lip erect ; lower spreading, 3-fid, mid-lobe broadest. Stamens 4, 

 included ; anthers glandular, cells diverging, subconfluent. Style-lobes 

 short, obtuse. Nutlets obtuse. DISTRIB. Temp, and warm regions of 

 the Old World ; species 30. ETYM. The old Latin name. 



M. vulga're, L. ; leaves broadly ovate crenate, whorls dense-fid. 

 Waste places, Elgin and E. Scotland, rare ; all England ; not native except 

 in I. of Wight ; Ireland, rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Nov. Hoary, 

 almost woolly. Rootstock short, stout. Stem 1-1J ft., stout, branched, 

 leafy. Leaves f-1^ in., base cordate or cuneate, nerves stout usually diverg- 

 ing from the broad rather long petiole, much wrinkled, leathery. Whorls 

 of innumerable partial ones, depressed, axillary, villous. Calyx oblong; 

 teeth 10, short, spinous, hooked at the tip. Corolla J in., white; tube 

 slender ; upper lip long, 2-fid. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, N.W. 

 India ; introd. in N. America. Aromatic and bitter. Much used as a cough 

 medicine. 



12. STA'CHYS, L. WOUNDWORT. 



Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves crenate or serrate. Whorls 2- or more- 

 fid., usually in terminal racemes ; flowers honeyed, proterandrous. Calyx 

 subcampanulate, 5-10-nerved, 5-toothed, teeth usually equal. Corolla- 

 tube cylindric, with usually a ring of hairs inside, often incurved above ; 

 throat not dilated ; upper lip erect or spreading ; lower spreading, 3-lobed, 

 mid-lobe largest, lateral often reflexed. Stamens 4, ascending, 2 lower 

 longest ; anthers conniving, cells parallel or diverging. Style-lobes 

 nearly equal, subulate. Nutlets obtuse. DISTRIB. Chiefly N. temp, and 

 Oriental regions ; species about 160. ETYM. ardxvs, from the spiked 

 inflorescence. 



SECTION 1. Sta'chys proper. Whorls in elongate interrupted spikes 

 or racemes ; lower or all the bracts foliaceous. Anther-cells diverging. 



1. S. sylvat'ica, L. ; perennial, hispid, cauline leaves long-petioled 

 ovate broadly cordate coarsely serrate, whorls 6-1 2-fid. 



Shady places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in Northumbd. ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug. Foetid when bruised ; softly hispid. Root- 

 stock creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 1-3 ft., rather slender, solid, simple or 

 branched. Leaves 2-4 in., petiole often longer, radical withering early. 

 Spikes 4-8 in., hairy and glandular ; lower bracts serrate, upper lanceolate 

 quite entire ; bracteoles minute ; pedicels short. Calyx-teeth triangular- 

 subulate, spinescent. Corolla - in., red-purple ; tube equalling or ex- 

 ceeding the calyx ; lower lip variegated with white. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic), Siberia, N.W. Himalaya. 



2. S. palus'tris, L. ; perennial, hairy, cauline leaves shortly petioled 

 or sessile ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, whorls 8-10-fld. 



Kiver-banks and moist places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in 

 Northumbd.; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. July-Sept. Habit of S. syl- 

 vat'ica, but leaves much narrower,_stem stouter hollow, hairs less coarse, 



