378 SALICINE^. [SALTX. 



most so ben2ath, black in drying. Catkins f-l| in., opposite or alternate, 

 erect, then spreading or recurved, cylindric ; scales purple-black above, 

 hairy or woolly ; filaments hairy at the base ; anthers red, then black. 

 Capsule broadly ovoid, obtuse ; stigmas entire or cleft. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, India ; introd. in N. America. Bark very bitter ; 

 used for basket-making, but not so commonly as S. vimina'lis.The best- 

 marked British varieties are : S. Woolgaria'na, Borr., and ramulo'sa,'Borr. ; 

 erect, branches yellowish, stigmas notched. S. Lambertia'na, Sm.; erect, 

 leaves broader above, branches purplish glaucous, stigmas subsessile short 

 thick. 



S. ru'bra, Huds., a common osier-bed shrub, or tree 10 ft., is a hybrid with 

 mminalis ; the leaves are silky beneath, filaments usually more or less free, 

 and style longer ; it is very variable, and includes : S. ru'bra proper ; fila- 

 ments connate at the base only ; & Forbya'na, Sm. ; filaments united to the 

 top ; 8. Hel'ix, L. ; leaves often subopposite filaments united to the top 

 (bears fascicles of diseased leaves, owing to the puncture of a Cynips, hence 

 called Eose Willow}. 



S. Donia'na, Sm., a native of dry places in Mid. and S. Germany, is interme- 

 diate between re' pens and purpu'rea (Andersson), was stated by G. Don. to 

 be a native of Forfarshire, no doubt erroneously ; it may be known from 

 purpurea by its yellow anthers, pedicelled capsule, and filaments more or 

 less connate at the base only. 



S. Pontedera'na, Schleich., gathered by the Rev. J. E. Leefe near Kothbury, 

 Northumbd.j is probably a hybrid with cine'rea (Baker). 



ORDER LXXIII. CERATOPHYI/LE-ffi. 



A submerged, branched, slender, fragile herb ; stems cylindric. Leaves 

 whorled, sessile, exstipulate, 2-chotomously cut into linear-toothed lobes. 

 Flowers solitary, axillary, minute, monoacious, enclosed in an 8-12-partite 

 persistent involucre with subulate lobes. Perianth 0. MALE. Anthers 

 many, crowded, sessile, oblong ; cells linear, sunk in a fleshy 2-cuspidate 

 connective, bursting irregularly. FEMALE. Ovary oblong, 1-celled ; 

 style terminal, subulate, persistent, stigma unilateral papillose ; ovule 1, 

 pendulous from the top of the cell, orthotropous. Fruit coriaceous, in- 

 dehiscent, base tubercled winged or spurred. Seed pendulous, testa 

 membranous, hilum thickened, albumen ; cotyledons 2-fid ovoid thick, 

 plumule large many-leaved, radicle very short. DISTRIB. Europe, Asia, 

 Africa, N. America (Arctic). AFFINITIES doubtful. PROPERTIES un- 

 known. ETYM. Kfpas and ^vAA.o*', from the Aom-like leaf -lobes. 



1. CERATOPHYIi'liUM, L. HORNWORT. 

 C. demer'sum, L. ; leaves remotely serrate. 



Ponds and ditches from Forfar southd. ; E. Scotland only ; rare in Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. Stems 8 in.-3 ft., densely leafy. Leaves 1 in., 

 segments spreading, subulate, dark green. Flowers found in shallow water 



