388 ORCHIDE^. [EPIPACTIS. 



subsecund, ^- in. diam., green, variously marked with yellow white or 

 purple ; sepals broadly ovate ; petals ovate-lanceolate ; lip variable in form 

 and colour, as long as the sepals or shorter, terminal lobe with thickt ned 

 ridges on the disk. DISTRLB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, Hima- 

 laya. I am indebted to Mr. Baker for the diagnoses of the following sub- 

 species, which coincide with Syme's, and appear to embrace the prevalent 

 forms ; they do not however precisely accord with those of other countries, 

 nor do materials from diff erent parts of England give quite the same results. 

 Su" 



Common. (Also found in one spot in E. U. States.) 



Sub-sp. E. PURTURA'TA, Sm. ; stems 2-3 ft. often tufted, lower leaves 3-4 by 

 1^-2 in., sepals oblong-lanceolate f-| in. more pointed, tip of lip as broad 

 as long subdeltoid. Flowers usually tinted violet-purple, except var. E. 

 me'dia, Fries, which is also less robust. E. viola'cea, Bor. S. of England 

 rare. 



Sub-sp. E. ATRORU'BENS, Hoffm. ; dwarf er, lower leaves 1J-2 by 1 in. ovate 

 acute, tip of lip broader than long rounded obscurely cuspidate. Flowers 

 a month earlier, reddish brown. E. ova' Us, Bab. ; E. rubiyino'sa, Crantz. 

 Limestone cliffs, Orme's Head, Yorkshire (ascends to 1,200 ft.), Sutherland, 

 &c. 



2 E. palus'tris, Sw. ; leaves lanceolate, bracts mostly short, basal 

 lobe of lip angular terminal obtuse crenate, ovary narrowly pyriform. 

 Marshy places, from Fife and Perth southd., local ; rare in Ireland ; Channel 

 Islands ; fl. July. Stem 8-18 in., slender, wiry, pubescent above. Leaves 

 acute, upper acuminate. Flowers few, J- in. broad ; sepals and petals ovate, 

 subacute, green striped with purple ; lip white, streaked with red, terminal 

 lobe tubercled towards the base. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia. 



10. CEPHALAN'THERA, Rich. 



Rootstock creeping. Stem leafy. Leaves subdistichous. Spikes few-fld. ; 

 ovary twisted. Flowers suberect, sepals and petals incurved. Lip de- 

 curved, constricted in the middle, basal lobe saccate, terminal not tubercled, 

 disk crested. Anther hinged on the contracted top of the column ; pollen- 

 masses 2, powdery, glands connate. Stigma prominent ; rostellum 0. 

 Capsule erect. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, Himalaya ; species 4. 

 ETYM. Ke</>a\rj and &v0i)pa, from the position of the anther. 



1. C. pal'lens, Rich. ; leaves ovate-oblong, lower bracts large much ex- 

 ceeding the almost glabrous ovary, flowers white. C. grcmdiflo'ra, S. F. 

 Gray. White Hel'leborine. 



Woods and copses chiefly in chalky districts, from Cumberland to Somerset 

 and Kent, rare ; fl. May- June. Stems tufted, 1-2 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., upper 

 narrower. Flowers in. distant, suberect, cream-white ; sepals and petals 

 ovate-oblong, obtuse ; terminal lobe of lip orbicular, erect, yellow. DISTRIB. 

 From Denmark southd. 



2. C. ensifo'lia, Rich. ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, bracts of upper 

 flowers much smaller than the almost glabrous ovaries, flowers white. 



