414 JUNCE^Z. [JuNCUS. 



only, filaments flattened ; anthers basin xed, usually linear, bursting 

 inwards. Ovary free, 1-3-celled ; style short or 0, stigmas 3 filiform 

 papillose all over ; ovules 3, basilar, or many on 3 parietal or axile 

 placentas, erect, anatropous. Capsule 1-3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved, 

 3-many-seeded. Seeds erect, testa membranous often lax, albumen dense ; 

 embryo next the hilum, small. DISTRIB. Chiefly temp, and Arctic ; 

 genera 4-5 ; species about 130. AFFINITIES. With Liliacece. PROPER- 

 TIES unimportant. 



Glabrous. Ovules many, parietal or axile 1. Juncus. 



More or less pilose. Ovules 3, basal 2. Luzula. 



1. JUN'CUS, L. RUSH. 



Glabrous herbs. Outer perianth-segments keeled or midrib thickened. 

 Flowers proterogynous, anemophilous. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Ovary 3- 

 rarely 1 -celled ; ovules many, placentas axile, rarely parietal. Capsule 

 completely or incompletely 3-celled. Seeds many ; embryo minute. 

 DISTRIB. Of the Order ; species 100. ETYM. jungo, from their use in 

 tying. 



SECTION 1. Rootstock perennial, usually creeping. Stems rarely septate 

 within, terete, rarely compressed. Leaves solid, not septate within. 



* Leaves all reduced to sheaths. Cymes wholly lateral, many-fld. ; flowers not 

 or rarely clustered. Testa not produced at either end. 



1. J. effu'sus, L. ; stems soft, pith continuous, perianth-segments 

 lanceolate exceeding the obovoid retuse capsule, stamens 3. J. communis, 

 Meyer. 



Moist places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,400 ft. in the Highlands ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug. Tufts circular, densely matted. /Stems 

 1-3 ft., sometimes J in. diam., green, very finely striate. Cymes very 

 compound, variable in form and size. Perianth r y-f in. Stamens rarely 6. 

 Seeds minute, yellow-brown. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, temp. Asia and 

 America, N. Zealand. 



J. effu'sus proper; cymes usually lax effuse, perianth olive-green, anthers 

 oblong, capsule not mucronate. YAR. J. conglomeraftus, L. ; cymes usually 

 dense subglobose, perianth tinged with brown, anthers longer linear, capsule 

 mucronate. 



2. J. glau'cus, Ehrh. ; stems rigid glaucous striate, pith interrupted, 

 perianth-segments narrow-lanceolate about equalling the ovoid mucronate 

 capsule, stamens 6. 



"Wet, usually stiff soils, from Aberdeen and the Clyde southd. ; ascends to 

 1,200 ft. m N.England; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. July-A tig. Habit 

 of J. commu'nis, but not so tall, and stems deeply grooved. Cymes effuse, 

 suberect. Perianth brown. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. 



J. diffu'sus, Hoppe (a hybrid between ylau'cus and effu'sus} ; stems softer less 

 glaucous and striate, pith continuous, cyme elongate, capsule more obovoid, 

 seeds imperfect. 



