416 JUNGEJE. [JUNCUS. 



slender, wiry. Leaves very short, formed of 2 separate tubes, sheaths 

 auricled. Flowers erect, - in., pale red-brown in fruit. DISTJRIB. Arctic 

 and Alpine Europe, N. Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



8. J. biglu'mis, L. ; stems ^-terete, leaves radical subulate com- 

 pressed, flowers usually 2 shorter than the bract, perianth-segments obtuse 

 nearly equalling the turbinate retuse 3-lobed capsule. 



Bogs, alt. 2,000-3,300 ft. on the alps of Perth, Argyll, Skye ; fl. July- Aug. Not 

 tufted, stoloniferous. Stem 2-6 in. Leaves shorter, septate within, sheaths 

 not auricled. Flowers f in., upper pedicelled, lower sessile, chestnut-brown. 

 Capsule mucronate between the lobes. DISTBIB. Arctic and subarctic 

 Europe, Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



9. J. casta'neus, L. ; stems terete leafy, leaves |-terete fistular, cymes 

 1-3 lateral and terminal 2-6-flowered, perianth-segments acute half as 

 long as the elliptic-oblong beaked capsule. 



Alpine bogs, alt. 2,500-3,000 ft., very rare ; Perth, Forfar, Inverness, and 

 Aberdeen ; fl. July-Aug. Not tufted, stoloniferous. Stem 6-16 in. Leaves 

 2-3, variable in length, channelled above, sheaths not auricled, walls thin. 

 Flowers f-^ in., bright brown. Capsule nearly ^ in., 3-gonous. Seeds large 

 for the genus. DISTRIB. Arctic and Alpine N. and Mid. Europe, N. Asia, 

 Himalaya, N. America. 



10. J. trif'idus, L. ; stems wiry terete, leaves subulate short mostly 

 reduced to sheaths, flowers 1-3 between 2 filiform bracts, perianth-segments 

 acuminate shorter than the ovoid beaked capsule. 



Alpine rocks, alt. 1,200-3,000 ft., from the Clyde, Perth, and Forfar to Shet- 

 land ; July-Aug". Forms dense matted rigid masses of rootstocks and 

 sheaths. Stems 3-10 in. Upper leaf-sheath with one short subulate leaf ; 

 another leaf occurs on the stems beneath the inflorescence, with a tubular 

 sheath, which has often scarious edges. Bracts 2-4 in. Flowers % in., pale 

 brown ; perianth-segments very narrow, margins pale. Style and stigmas 

 long. Seeds large, appendages short. DISTRIB. Arctic and Alpine Micl. 

 Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



**** Leaves chiefly radical, flat or grooved above. Cymes terminal, 3-many-jid. 

 Testa not produced at either end. 



11. J. squarro'sus, L. ; rigid, stems compressed, leaves subulate -J- 

 terete below channelled above, cymes terminal, clusters 2-3-fld., perianth- 

 segments oblong obtuse equalling the obtuse mucronate capsule. 

 : Moorlands, &c., N. to Shetland ; ascends to 3,200 ft. in the Highlands ; Ire- 

 land ; fl. June-July. Stems densely tufted, 4-10 in., stout, solid, naked or 

 with 1-2 leaves. Leaves 3-7 in., densely crowded, recurved from the broad 

 keeled sheath, striate. Cyme irregularly corymbose, branches erect ; bracts 

 broad, scarious, shorter than the flowers. Floivers % in., pale. Capsule 

 obtusely 3-gonous. DISTBIB. N. Europe (excl. Greece), Siberia, Greenland. 



12. J. ten'uis, Willd. ; stems wiry terete, leaves channelled, cymes 

 terminal, bracts long, perianth-segments lanceolate acuminate larger 

 than the ovoid obtuse or retuse pointed capsule. 



