JUNCUS.] JUNCE^S. 419 



oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 3-gonous, pale. Seeds many, filiform, ribbed. 

 DISTRIB. Holland to Portugal and Greece. 



2. LU ZULA, DO. WOOD-RUSH. 



Characters of Juncus, but always perennial, foliage more grass-like 

 always more or less ciliate with long flexuous white hairs. Flowers pro- 

 terogynous, anemophilous. Anthers usually longer than the filaments. 

 Ovary 1-celled ; ovules 3, subbasal, erect. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 

 3-seeded. Seeds with a basal or terminal appendage. DISTRIB. All 

 temp, and cold regions ; species about 26. ETYM. luciola, a glowworm. 



1. !. maxima, DC. ; tall, cymes very compound, flowers clustered, 

 perianth-segments awned hardly equalling the ovoid acute beaked capsule, 

 seeds tubercled at the tip. L. sylvat'ica, Gaud. 



Woods and heaths, especially uplands, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,300 ft. in 

 the Highlands ; Ireland; Channel Islands ; fl. May- June. Rootstock shoit, 

 tufted ; stolons short. Stems few, 1-2 ft. Leaves, radical |-1 ft., often - 

 in. broad, with scanty silky hairs, channelled ; cauline few, short. Cymes 

 large, branches often 3-4 in., spreading in fruit. Flowers fa in., pale, 

 usually 3-4 together ; bracteoles ovate, acute, scarious. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic) (excl. Greece, Russia). 



2. L. vernalis, DC. ; slender, cymes lax, ^branches few reflexcd in 

 fruit, flowers subsolitary, perianth-segments acuminate shorter than the 

 very broadly ovoid obtuse capsule, crest of seeds long curved terminal. 

 L. pilo'sa, Willd. 



Shady places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to near 1,900 ft. in the Highlands ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. April-May. JRootstock short, tufted ; stolons 

 slender. Stems many, |-1 ft. Leaves about half as long as the stem, ^-J 

 in. broad, soft, sparingly hairy. Cymes with capillary branches and pedicels. 

 Flowers jt-^ in., chestnut-brown, rarely in pairs ; bracteoles broad, short. 

 Capsule very broad below, suddenly contracted to a conical top above the 



' middle. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic) (excl. Greece), N. Africa, terrp. Asia, 

 N. America. L. Borre'ri, Bromf., is a hybrid ? found in S. England and 

 Wicklow, with an acute shorter capsule that ripens no seed. 



3. L. Fors'teri, DC. ; characters of L. pilosa, but more slender, cap- 

 sule acuminate, and seeds with a shorter terminal straight obtuse crest. 

 Shaded places in chalky soil, from S. Wales, Oxford, and Essex to Cornwall 



and Kent; Channel Islands ; fl. April-June. Habit of L. pilo'sa, from which 

 luxuriant specimens can hardly be distinguished, except by the characters 

 given above. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe and N. Africa. 



4. Ii. campes'tris, Willd. ; leaves very hairy, cymes short, flowers in 

 dense clusters, perianth-segments acuminate longer than the broad obovoid 

 obtuse apiculate capsule, seeds with a conical white basal appendage. 

 Heaths, meadows, and pastures, N. to Shetland , ascends to 3,200 ft. in the 



Highlands and Wales ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. April-June. Root- 

 stock creeping, tufted. Stems 4-12 in., stout or slender. Leaves shorter 



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