422 TYPHACE^. [SPARGANIUM. 



1. S. ramo'sum, Huds. ; erect, branched, leaves erect 3-quetrous at 

 the base keeled, stigma linear, drupes sessile broadly ovoid, beak short. 

 Ponds, ditches, and river-banks, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Derby ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. Stems 1-4 ft. Leaves 2-5 ft., 

 1 in. broad. Male heads olive-brown, deciduous, J- in. diam. ; female as 

 large, 1 in. when in fruit ; bracts linear. Drupe | in. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 N. Asia, N. Africa, N. America. 



2. S. sim'plex, Huds. ; erect, simple, leaves erect (sometimes floating) 

 keeled 3-gonous below, heads racemose, stigma linear, drupe shortly stalked 

 fusiform, beak long. 



Ponds, ditches, and river-banks, N. to Shetland ; Ireland ; fl. June-July. 

 Stem 1-2 ft. Male heads yellow, sessile ; female peduncled. Drupe 

 narrowed at both ends. DISTRIB. Europe (excl. Greece), 1ST. and W. Asia, 

 N. America. 



3. S. na'tans, L. ; floating, simple, leaves flat at the base not keeled, 

 heads racemose, stigma tongue-shaped, drupe stalked, beak rather long. 

 Lakes, ditches, &c., from Shetland southd. ; Ireland ; ascends to near 1,600 ft. 



in the Highlands; fl. July-Aug. Stem 1-3 ft., suberect in flower, leafy, 

 flaccid, upper part floating. Leaves J-J in. diam. Heads J in. diam., female 

 peduncled. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, W. Asia, N. America. 

 Probably a form of S. sim'plex, as suggested by Bentham. 



S. NATANS proper ; sheaths rather inflated, male heads several, drupe fusiform. 

 S. affine, Sshn. Lakes, England, Scotland and Ireland, not common. 



Sub-sp. S. MINIMUM, Fries ; more slender, sheaths not inflated, male heads 

 1-2, drupe more obovoid. Caithness to Hants. 



2. TY'PHA, L. REED-MACE, CAT'S-TAIL, CLUB-RUSH. 



Spikes superposed, cylindric, with deciduous leafy bracts. Perianth of 

 2-3 extremely slender cellular hairs. Stamens several, monadelphous ; 

 connective produced. Ovaries stalked, many imperfect ; style very 

 slender, stigma unilateral narrow. Fruit minute, stalked, dehiscent 

 along the inner face. Seed cylindric, testa striate. DISTEJB. Temp, and 

 trop. ; species 10. ETYM. rtyos, a, fen. 



1. T. latifo'lia, L. ; leaves |-1| in. broad subglaucous, spikes con- 

 tiguous or nearly so, rachis naked. T. me'dia, DC. 



Lakes, river-banks, &c., from Orkney (probably) southd. ; Ireland ; Channel 

 Islands ; fl. July-Aug. Stem 3-7 ft., terete. Leaves distichous, 3-6 ft., 

 linear, obtuse, nearly flat. Spikes ^ to nearly 1 ft., 1 in. diam., dark brown, 

 silky from the copious filiform scales ; female ebracteate. Stigma lanceolate. 

 DISTRIB. Europe (excl. Greece), N. Africa, N. and "W. Asia, N. America. 



2. T. angustifo'lia, L. ; leaves - f in. broad dark-green not glaucous 

 convex beneath, spikes separate, rachis hairy. 



Ditches and ponds, from Fife and Lanark southd. ; E. Ireland, rare ; Channel 

 Islands ; fl. July. Smaller in all its parts than T. latifo'lia; leaves narrower, 



