CAREX.] GYPERACEM. 449 



chestnut-brown, persistent, equalling the ovoid-lanceolate rather decurved 

 sessile beaked perigynia. DISTRIB. From Holland and the Pyrenees E. 

 to Austria and S. Kussia. 



4. C. dioi'ca, L. ; leaves setaceous smooth, spikelet ebracteate dioecious 

 or male below, glumes many, perigynia erect or spreading, stigmas 2. 

 Bogs and moorlands, Shetland to Somerset and Sussex; ascends to nearly 



2,900 ft. in the Highlands; rarer in Ireland; fl. May- June. Rootstock 

 creeping, stolon if erous. Stems 6-12 in., terete, striate, wiry. Spikelets : 

 male f | in., very narrow, cylindric, glumes oblong-lanceolate, pale ; female 

 ^ in., ovoid, glumes ovate, brown, deciduous, shorter than the sessile 

 ovoid beaked ribbed plano-convex perigynia. Nuts lenticular, chestnut- 

 brown. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, N. America. 



5. C. rupes'tris, All. ; leaves channelled, bract subulate or.O, glumes 

 few, upper male, perigynia erect, stigmas 3. 



Ledges of alpine rocks, alt. 2,000-2,500 ft. ; Perth, Forfar, Aberdeen, and 

 Sutherland ; fl. July. Rootstock creeping, tufted, stoloniferous. Stems 4-6 

 in., wiry, 3-gonous, rather rough. Leaves curved, rigid, margins recurved, 

 tip wavy, rough. Spikelet f-1 in., narrow, dark-brown, shining. Glumes, 

 female few, broadly ovate, obtuse or mucronate, rather shorter than the 

 elliptic, smooth, pale, abruptly beaked perigynia. Nut 3-quetrous, brown. 

 DISTRIB. Arctic and Alpine N. and Mid. Europe, N. Asia, N. America , 



SECTION 2. Spikelets short, sessile, most or all 2-sexual, all similar. 

 Brads 0, or setaceous or leafy, never sheathing. Stigmas 2. 



* Spikelets in simple spikes or heads, male usually at the top only (spike 

 sometimes compound at the base in 8, dis'ticha; see also 12, murica'ta). 

 Rootstock creeping. 



6. C. incur'va, Lightf. ; stems short, spikelets capitate, bract 0, peri- 

 gynia longer than the ovate obtuse glumes, beak abrupt short smooth. 

 Sandy shores, from Holy Isle to Shetland, rare ; fl. June- July. Rootstock 



very long, creeping. Stems stout, decurved, subterete, smooth, leafless. 

 Leaves spreading and recurved, margins involute. Spike |-| in., broadly 

 ovoid. Perigynia elliptic-ovoid, turgid, spreading, pale, much larger than 

 the pale brown glumes. Nut ferruginous, lenticular. DISTRIB. Arctic and 

 Alpine Europe, Siberia, N.W. India, N. America, S. Chili.- 



7. C. divi'sa, Huds. ; slender, spikelets short crowded bracteate, peri- 

 gynia ovoid equalling the ovate cuspidate glumes, beak 2-fid serrulate. 

 Marshes near the sea, from York, N. Wales, and Lincoln southd. ; Dublin ; fl. 



May-June. Rootstock stout. Stems 1-3 ft., very slender, leafy, 3-gonous, 

 scabrid above ; basal sheaths leafless. Leaves long, very narrow, flexuous, 

 margins involute. Spikes \-\-\ in., narrow, interrupted, pale brown ; bracts 

 setaceous or filiform. Glumes membranous. Perigynia not margined. 

 Nut brown, plano-convex, orbicular. DISTRIB. From France and Germany 

 southd., N. and S. Africa, W. Siberia, N.W. India. 



8. C. dis'ticha, Huds. ; stems long, spikelets in an elongate head, 

 bracts small, perigynia stipitate elliptic-ovoid ribbed exceeding the acumi- 

 nate glumes, wing and 2-fid beak serrulate. C. interme'dia, Good. 



G G 



