CABEX.] CYPERACE^. 451 



simple ; perigynia brown, shining, ribbed only at the back, where 2-4 main 

 ribs diverge from the base and then converge under the beak. Nut obpyri- 

 form, biconvex. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic) (excl. Greece), Canaries, Hima- 

 laya, N. America, N. Zealand. C.Ehrhartia'na, Hoppe (C. pseudo-paradox' a, 

 Gibs.), with more numerous stems and a larger more interrupted spike, 

 found near Manchester and Birmingham, seems hardly a variety. 



12. C. murica'ta, L. ; slender, spikelets few in spikes or slender 

 panicles, bracts or setaceous, perigynia spreading elliptic-ovoid smooth 

 longer than the acuminate glumes, beak broad serrulate 2-lid. C. spica'ta, 

 Huds. 



Marshes, copses, &c., from Caithness, Elgin, and the Clyde southd. ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. May-June. Densely tufted, stolons short. Stems 1-2 

 ft., wiry, 3-gonous, scaberulous above. Leaves shorter than the stem, narrow, 

 flat. Spike very variable. Spikelets green, squarrose. Perigynia narrowed 

 .below, sessile, faintly ribbed, beak deeply 2-fid. Nut brown, plano-convex, 

 base of style clavate. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia, Himalaya, 

 N. America. 



C. MTJRICA'TA proper ; stems erect, spike more continuous, glumes brown with 

 green keels, beak serrulate. Drier places. A v&r.pseudo-divul'sa is recorded 

 from Malvern Links ; it is intermediate between murica'ta and divul'sa, the 

 spike being interrupted below. It grows with murica'ta in W. Suffolk. 



Sub-sp. C. DIVTJL'SA, Good. ; more slender, stems curved, spike elongate much 

 interrupted, perigynia less spreading narrower and glumes paler, beak les 

 serrulate. Moist places, from York and N. Wales southd., Channel Islands. 



13. C. vulpi'na, L. ; stout, leaves broad flat, spike subcylindric 

 bracteate, perigynia spreading ovoid truncate below obscurely ribbed 

 equalling the ovate awned pale brown glumes, beak long serrulate 2-fid. 

 Marshes, copses, and saline ditches, from Elgin and the Hebrides southd. ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June. Rootstock tufted, stoloniferous. Stems 

 many, 3-quetrous, leafy, angles scabrid, faces convex. Leaves J-| in. 

 Spikes 1-3 in., variable, squarrose ; bracts setaceous, spreading, conspicuous. 

 Glumes pale brown, midrib green, awn short scabrid. Perigynia compressed, 

 ribs variable in stoutness. Nut ovoid, brown. DISTRIB. Europe, N". Africa, 

 Siberia, N. America. 



*** Spikelets male at the base, rarely at the top also, distant, alternate (rarely 

 close in 14, echina'ta}. Bracts often long and foliaceous. 



14. C. echina'ta, Murr.\ slender, leaves narrow, spikelets 3-5 sub- 

 globose squarrose, bracts small, perigynia broadly ovoid plano-convex 

 striate exceeding the ovate acute glumes, beak broad notched scabrid. (7. 

 stellula'ta, Good. 



Moors and bogs, N. to Shetland ; ascends to near 3,000 ft. in the Highlands ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. May-June. Rootstock densely tufted. Stems 

 6-18 in., 3-gonous, minutely scabrid above, stolons 0. Leaves channelled, 

 shorter than the stem. Spikes ^-1 in., usually very pale ; upper spikelets 

 more slender. Glumes green or with pale brown sides. Perigynia olive- 

 green, sessile, base rounded, lateral ribs stout, facial faint. Nut lenticular, 

 pale olive. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. Asia, N. America. 

 VAR. C. Gry'pos, Schk. ; glumes with two broad red-brown bands. Perth. 



G G 2 



