462 CYPERACEJE. [CAREX. 



slender flattened short straight beak, mouth membranous. Fruit broad, 

 obovoid, 3-quetrous, brown. DISTRIB. Europe, N. America ? 



C. DIS'TANS proper ; leaves darker, bracts usually longer, female spikelets 3-4 

 longer, glumes more obtuse mucronate or awned less hyaline at the tip, 

 perigynia broader black-dotted. Brackish marshes, rare inland ; extends to 

 N. Africa. 



Sub-sp. C. FUL'VA, Good. ; bracts rarely equalling the stem, female spikelets 2-3, 

 glumes obtuse or acute not mucronate, tips more or less hyaline, perigynia 

 broad at the base not dotted. C. Hornschuchia'na, Hoppe ; C. speirosta'chya, 

 Sm. Chiefly subalpine. I have again gone into the question of C.ful'va, 

 Good., this time with Mr. Baker, and we do not doubt this being the plant 

 figured by Goodenough, and afterwards confounded with something else. 

 C. xanthocar'pa, Degl., is a sterile form, or a hybrid with C. dis'tans. 



49. C. biner'vis, Sm. ; slender, leaves rigid recurved flat, bracts leafy, 

 sheaths long, spikelets all pedicelled cylindric, perigynia ovoid 3-gonous 

 faintly ribbed green much exceeding the oblong-ovate glumes, beak flat- 

 tened 2-cuspidate scabrid. 



Heaths, moors, &c., N. to Shetland; ascends to 3,200 ft. in the Highlands; 

 Ireland ; fl. June-July. Similar to C. dis'tans, and perhaps another sub-sp., 

 but much coarser, often 3 ft. ; rootstock stout, tufted, creeping ; stems 

 3-quetrous, smooth, leafy ; leaves often short, more rigid, keeled and re- 

 curved; female spikelets |-1 in., browner, more numerous, stouter, longer ; 

 beak stouter and more 2-fid ; glumes obtuse or mucronulate, red-brown ; 

 perigynia and leaves beneath at times dotted ; I do not find the nut always 

 obovoid, but like ful'va. DISTRIB. W. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



50. C. Iseviga'ta, Sm. ; tall, leaves short broad, spikelets distant 

 pedicelled inclined or drooping cylindric, perigynia subsessile elliptic- 

 oblong or ovoid turgid ribbed green dotted longer than the acuminate 

 glumes, beak long slender 2-cuspidate. 



Wet copses and marshes, from Mull and Aberdeen southd. ; ascends to 1,000 

 ft. in Northumbd. ; Ireland ; fl. June. Closely allied to C. biner'vis, but 

 much larger, 1-3 ft. ; leaves almost in. broad, dotted beneath ; sheath 

 auricled opposite the blade ; male spikelets 1-2^ in., 3-gonous, rarely 2, 

 with obtuse mucronate glumes; female 1J-2 in., drooping; perigynia 

 nearly in., 3-gonous, opaque, purple-dotted, beak obscurely scabrid, cusps 

 long nearly straight. Nut stipitate, 3-quetrous, dotted, pale. DISTRIB. 

 From Holland southd., N. Africa, N. America. 



51. C. puncta'ta, Gaud. ; slender, leaves short flat subrecurved, bracts 

 leafy, sheaths long, perigynia spreading ovoid membranous turgid dotted 

 not ribbed shining longer than the ovate glumes, beak slender 2-fid 

 smooth. 



Marshy places near the sea, Suffolk, Hants to Cornwall, Wales, Kirkcudbright ; 

 S. Ireland ; Guernsey ; fl. June. Similar to C. dis'tans, but very distinct in 

 the tumid shining membranous hardly 3-gonous perigynia, ribbed at the 

 2 obscure angles only, and the more slender subterete beak. Glumes obtuse 

 or mucronate, mucro scabrid. The nut does r not differ materially from 

 ful'va DISTRIB. Norway, Friesland, France, Italy, Switzerland, Azores. 



