NEPHRODIUM.] FILICES. 517 



nate, pinnules deeply obtusely lobed toothed attached by a broad base, 

 involucre flat eglandular. 



Bogs and marshes, Notts, Hunts, Chester, Yorks ; Renfrew ; frt. Aug. Root- 

 stock and stout pale stipes clothed with large bullate acuminate pale scales. 

 Frond 1-1^ ft., narrow, glabrous ; pinnae shortly petioled, oblong, base 

 truncate obtuse apisulate, teeth short not awned, veins forked. Invo- 

 lucre quite glabrous, entire.- -DiSTRiB. Europe, W: Siberia, N. America. 



Lastrea uliyino'sa, Newrn., with pinnules more divided, teeth slightly spinu- 

 lose, is intermediate between N. spinulo'sum and crista'tum, and occurs with 

 the typical form. 



3. N. rig'idum, Desv. ; rootstock tufted and stipes scaly below, frond 

 oblong-lanceolate, lower pinnae rhomboid lobed to the rachis with mucro- 

 nate pinnules flat subglandular beneath, involucre gland-ciliate. 

 Mountains of Lancashire, York, and Westmoreland, rare ; ascends to about 



1,500 ft. ; frt. July-Aug. Rootstock and stout stipes densely clothed with 

 long concolorous scales. Frond 12-18 in., subglandular beneath, narrow ; 

 pinnse 2-3 in. ; pinnules acutely toothed, lower with subpiunate venules. 

 Sori close to the midrib. Involucre firm, convex. DISTRIB. W. Europe 

 to Greece, W. Asia, N. America. 



4. N. spinulo'sum, Desv. ; rootstock tufted, stipes sparingly scaly, 

 frond oblong-lanceolate, lower pinnse subdeltoid, pinnules lobed to the 

 rachis flat, teeth awned, involucre smooth gland-ciliate or not. 



Woods and damp shaded places, from Aberdeen and Dumbarton southd. ; 

 Ireland ; frt. Aug.-Sept. Rootstock stout, suberect, and stout pale stipes 

 1 ft., sparingly clothed with ovate scales. Fronds 12-18 in., glabrous or 

 glandular beneath ; lower pinnse 2-4 in., subdeltoid; pinnules 1 in., ovate- 

 lanceolate, pinuatifid to the rachis, lobes oblong spinulose-toothed. Sori 

 chiefly on the upper half of the frond. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), excl. 

 Turkey and Greece, S. Africa, N.E. Asia, N. America. 



N. SPINULO'SUM proper; scales ovate concolorous, frond oblong-lanceolate 

 eglandular beneath pale green, involucre not gland ciliate. 



Sub-sp. N. DILATA'TUM, Desv. ; scales denser narrower centre dark brown, 

 frond larger ovate-lanceolate or subdeltoid 2-3-pinnate more deeply cut 



. darker and brighter green, pinme closer glandular beneath, involucre 

 evanescent gland-ciliate. YAR. ylandulo' sa, Newm., is more glandular 

 beneath, frond broader. YAR. na'na, Newm., is smaller. Aspidium Boott'ii, 

 Tuck. (Lastrea colli'na, Newm.), has pinnules subentire.Aspidium dume- 

 to'rum, Sm., connects it with dilata'tum. Ascends to 3,700 ft. in the 

 Highlands ; Channel Islands. 



Sub-sp. ASPIDIUM REMo'TUM,j5nm?i ; scales lanceolate concolorous extending 

 up the rachis, frond oblong-lanceolate, pinnse close lanceolate, pinnules ovate- 

 oblong cut half away to the rachis eglandular beneath, lower only free, 

 involucre eglandular. Wiudermere. Between spinulo'sum and Fi'lix-mas. 



5. N. se'mulum, Baker ; rootstock tufted, stipes densely scaly below, 

 frond subdeltoid 3-pinnate, pinnules triangular-ovate concave above, 

 glandular beneath, lowest largest spinous-serrate, edges of involucre 



