POLYPODIUM.] FILICES. 519 



2. P. Phegop'teris, L. ; rootstock creeping scaly, fronds alternate 

 pinnate, pinnse pinnatifid, lowest pair deflexed, segments obtuse ciliate. 

 Damp shaded places, Shetland to Cornwall and Somerset ; absent in Eng- 

 land S. of Derby and E. of Gloster ; ascends to 3,500 ft. in the Highlands ; 

 local in Ireland ; frt. June-Aug. Rootstock long, slender; scales scattered. 

 Stipes 6-9 in., slender, base scaly. Frond 6-9 in., subdeltoid, slightly hairy 

 beneath, rather membranous, pinnate below, pinnatifid above ; pinnae sub- 

 opposite, elongate, sessile ; lower 2-3 in. ; segments subentire ; venules 6-8 

 on each side, lower forked, tips thickened. Sort submarginal, dorsal on the 

 venules. DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



3. P. Dryop'teris, L. ; rootstock creeping scaly, fronds alternate del- 

 toid 2-pinnate, pinnules deeply pinnatifid, segments obtuse subcrenate. 

 Dry shaded places, from Shetland southd. to Derby, Wales, Cornwall, and 



Devon ; absent in England E. of Derby, Gloster, and Devon ; ascends to 

 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; N. Ireland, rare ; frt. July-Aug. Rootstock 

 long, slender; scales orange-brown. Stipes very slender, 6-12 in., scaly 

 below. Frond 6-12 in., flaccid, glabrous ; lower pinnae largest ; lowest seg- 

 ments sometimes free ; venules forked, tips thickened. Sori submarginal, 

 dorsal on the venules. DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya, N. 

 America. 



P. DJRYOP'TERIS proper ; frond glabrous flaccid. 



Sub-sp. P. KOBERTIA'NUM, Hoffm. ; rootstock stouter, frond more coriaceous 

 glandular-pubescent. P. calca'reum, Sm. Limestone rocks from Perth to 

 Wales and Derby ; Salop and Stafford to Gloster ; Wilts, Somerset, Bucks, 

 Oxford. Extends to Tibet. 



4. P. alpes'tre, Hoppe ; rootstock short, frond oblong-lanceolate 

 2-pinnate, pinnules deeply pinnatifid, lobes toothed. Pseudathyr'ium, 

 Newm. 



Shaded rocks and streams, from Sutherland to Argyll and Perth, alt. 1,200- 

 3,600 ft. ; frt. July-Aug. Rootstock stout, oblique, scaly. Stipes 4-6 in., 

 tufted, stout, scaly below. Frond 1-2 ft., herbaceous, glabrous ; pinnules 

 3-4 in., lanceolate, rachis nearly naked ; venules pinnate in the lobes. 

 Sori small, 1-4 on each lobe, marginal in the sinus, dorsal on the venule. 

 DISTRIB. W. Europe (Arctic) to Spain and Germany, W. Asia, Green- 

 land, N.W. America. Resembles Asplenium Filix-fcemina. 



P. alpes'tre proper; stipes short, pinnae spreading or ascending narrow- 

 lanceolate broadest at the base, pinnules crowded. VAR. P.fex'ile, Moore ; 

 stipes very short, pinnee short spreading or deflexed, pinnules rather 

 distant. Forfar. 



14. GYMNOGRAM'ME, Desv. 



Fronds of various habit, 1-3-pinnate ; veins free or anastomosing. 

 Sori dorsal, oblong or linear, usually spreading in irregular lines, 

 branched and confluent on or between the veins ; involucre 0. DISTRIB. 

 Chiefly warm regions ; species 84. ETYM. yv^v6s and ypa^^j from the 

 naked sori. 



G. leptophyl'la, Desv. ; glabrous, annual, frond 2-3-pinnate. 



