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TO THE STUDENT 



In order to get the most value out of your study of living things it is necessary to keep a record of 

 observations and ideas as you go along. 



It is the purpose of this Manual to help you keep a systematic record, as well as to guide you in 

 discovering the facts that you will need for the more important ideas. You will of course get more facts 

 and more ideas than this Manual calls for. You will sometimes have to make notes on loose sheets 

 of paper or in a plain composition book. You will find it helpful to make short abstracts of what 

 you read in your textbook or in other books. You will find it well worth while to record demonstrations 

 made in the laboratory by the teacher or by other students, and observations made at home, out of 

 doors, or in the classroom, by yourself or by others. 



Begin your work by dating it. Where work carries over from day to day, date every entry. 



Read all the directions for an exercise through before doing any of the work, making sure that 

 you understand what you are trying to find out and just what you are going to do. 



Make your record as you go along instead of waiting until the work is completed. A large part 

 of the value of a scientific record is in its being made while the observation is fresh in mind, before 

 there is time to forget it or to confuse it with other observations. 



With most of the exercises there are questions to think about. These questions are not meant to 

 find out how much you already know, but to show you how our understanding grows by combining facts 

 into bigger ideas, and how ideas are put to work. So in writing your answers it would be well to give 

 your reasoning instead of merely your final conclusion or a simple Yes or No. 



COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY BENJAMIN C. GRUENBERG AND FRANK M. WHEAT 



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