GROUP IV. PHANEROGAMIA : ANGIOSPERMJ). 493 



pound inflorescence changes in type in the different orders of ramification. 

 Thus the branches of the first order may exhibit a racemose arrangement, and 

 those of the second a cymose arrangement, as in the dichasial racemes of many 

 Euphorbiae (e.g. E. Esula, amygdaloides), in the scorpioid racemes of the Horse- 

 chestnut, and in the helicoid capitula of many species of Allium. On the other 

 hand the branches of the first order may have a cymose, and those of the 

 second a racemose arrangement ; for instance, the helicoid cymes of capitula in 

 Cichorium. 



Finally, there are certain terms used in describing inflorescences which refer 

 only to the general external appearance rather than to the mode of formation of 

 the inflorescence : thus, the panicle is a pyramidal inflorescence generally of the 

 racemose type, at least in its first ramification : the corymb is a racemose in- 

 floreecence of which all the ultimate ramifications lie in one plane and bear 

 flowers, e.g. the Elder, many Cruciferse : the amentum (catkin) is a simple or 

 compound spicate inflorescence, usually pendulous and elongated, bearing in- 

 conspicuous monosporangiate flowers, which falls off entire from tbe plant when 

 the flowering is over. Of cymose inflorescences there is the fascicle, consistiug 

 of a number of flowers on pedicels of equal length (Sweet William) ; the glome- 

 rule (Nettle and Box) or verticillaster (many Labiataa), consisting of a few sessile 

 or shortly pedicillate flowers; and the anthela, which is a compound inflores- 

 cence, in which the branches of the first order are gradually shorter from below 

 upwards (or rather from without inwards), as in Juncaceae. 



To a floral axis arising from the ground, with no leaves, or with only a few 

 bracts, bearing a single flower or a more or less complex inflorescence, the term 

 scape is applied. 



The Bracts (p. 79) are leaves borne on the inflorescence, in the 

 axils of which the flowers are developed : there may be a single 

 large bract, termed a spathe, enclosing the whole inflorescence, as in 

 Palms and in the Arum Lily (Z anted eschia cethiopicci) where fche 

 bract is white ; or the bracts may be brightly coloured (petaloid), as 

 in Poinsettia and other Euphorbiaceee where they are red, and in 

 Leyoesteria formos<i. Melampyrum, etc. ; or the bracts may be scaly, 

 forming an involucre round the inflorescence as in the Composite : 

 the glumes of the Grasses are scaly bracts ; the bracts are frequently 

 not very unlike the foliage-leaves, differing from them mainly in 

 form and size. 



The portion of the floral axis below the flower (i.e. the peduncle 

 or the pedicel) commonly bears one or more bracteoles or prophylla. 

 In most Monocotyledons there is a single posterior prophyllum, 

 whilst in most Dicotyledons there are two lateral prophylla. In 

 some Monocotyledons, however (e.g. Hydrocharidacese, such as 

 Elodea, Vallisneria, Halophila ; and Amaryllidaceae, such as 

 Galanthus, Narcissus, Leucojum, etc.), there are two lateral pro- 

 phylla (remaining free in Haemanthus) which unite to form the 



