GROUP IV. PHANEROGAMIA : ANGIOSPERMJ). 



495 



and the androecium, as in the Passion-Flower, and in Orchids 

 where the styles adhere to it forming the gynostemium or column ; 

 that (termed gynophore} between the andrcecium and the gynaeceum, 

 as in Cleome (Capparidaceas), some Gentians, and some Cruciferse : 

 in Gynandropsis (Capparidacese) two internodes are developed, a 

 gonophore and a gynophore. 



When the axis grows, as is usually the case, equally in all parts, 

 tbe gynceceum, being nearest to its apex, is the uppermost part of 

 the flower. When this is the case its insertion is above that of 

 the androecium and perianth (Fig. 310 H), and the ovary is said 

 to be superior and the flower hypogynous, as in Ranunculus, Papa- 

 . ver, Lilium, and Primula. But in a great number of plants the 

 perianth and androecium are raised by the intercalary growth (see 

 p. 17) of a lower portion of the axis (as represented by the outer 



FIG. 310. Diagram of H hypogynous ; P perigynous ; E epigynous flowers ; o axis ; 

 fc calyx ; c corolla ; s stamens ; / carpels ; n stigma ; sit ovule. 



portion of the torus) and stand on a circular rim surrounding the 

 apex of the axis which lies at a lower level. Of this condition 

 two different forms occur: in the one, the carpels are inserted in 

 the depression at the apex of the axis (Fig. 310 P), and there form 

 one or more ovaries free from it, primarily at least, though they 

 may subsequently become adherent to it; in such cases, as in the 

 Rose and Apple, the flower is said to be perigynous : in the other, 

 the carpels spring from the upper rim of the cavity which is 

 formed by the axis itself and simply cover it in at the top ; such 

 flowers are said to be epigynous, and the ovary to be inferior, e.g. 

 Gourds and UmbelliferaD (Fig. 310 E). Many transitional forms 

 between these two extremes are found. 



Stipules are sometimes developed in connection with the floral 

 leaves; thus in some Rosaceae (Potentilla, Comarum, Geum, Al- 



v. s. B. K K 



