GROUP IV. - PHANEROGAMIA : ANGIOSPERM^E : MONOCOTYLEDONES. 551 



form spikes, panicles, umbels, or capitula : the flower has the formula 

 K3, 03, 43 + or 3, G!>. 



Cyperus, the Galingale, has many-flowered compressed spikelets with 

 deciduous bracts or glumes : Schoenus, the Bog-Bush, has few-flowered (1-4) 

 spikelets with persistent glumes : C. longus and fusciis, and S. nigrictm*, 

 occur in England. Cy perns Papyrus (Papyrus Anti quorum] is an Egyptian 

 species from which the Papyrus of the ancients was made. 



Scirpus, the Club-Bush, has a bristly perianth, cylindrical spikelets, and the 

 glumes are imbricate on all sides ; in some species the spikelets are solitary, 

 as in Scirpus ccespitosus, in others there are lateral spikelets, in addition, on 

 short stalks, as in S. lacustris (the true Bulrush), or on long stalks, as in S. 

 sijlvaticus. Eriophorum polystachium and other species (Cotton-grass) are 



FIG. 357. A Flower of Scirpus (magnified): 

 1> the bristly perianth ; a the three stamens ; 

 / the ovary: n the three stigmata. B Its 

 floral diagram. 



D 



FIG. 358. Flower of Carex (mag.). 

 A ? flower with (b) bract (giume); s 

 second bract (utriculus); / ovary; n 

 stigma. B $ flower : st the three 

 stamens; a anthers. C Diagram of the 

 $ and (D) of the <J flower : r axis of the 

 spike ; b bract (glume) ; s second bract. 



common on boggy moors ; the hairs of the perianth, after flowering, grow to a 

 con-iil erable length. 



Tribe 2. Caricoidece : spikelets cylindrical; flowers monosporangiate ; 

 perianth 0. 



These plants have diclinous (sometimes dioecious) flowers. In the genus 

 Carex the <? flowers have the formula KQ, CO, 43 + 0, GO; they are situated in 

 the axils of bracts (glumes) (Fig. 358 B and D) and form simple spikes. The $ 

 flowers have the formula KQ, CO, 40 + 0, (?<! or <> and are not sessile in the 

 axils of the glumes (6 in Fig. 358 A and C), but a short branch springs from 

 the axil of each of these leaves bearing a second bract (s in the Fig.) and it 

 is in the axil of this second bract that the ? flower, which consists of a 

 trimerous, or more rarely, dimerous (in Carex dioica and pnlicaris, etc.) ovary, 

 is situated. The second bract increases greatly and invests the fruit (and the 

 short branch which sometimes projects beyond the fruit as a seta), forming the 

 so-called utriculus : this structure has been regarded as a perianth, and termed 



