556 PART III. THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



formula If3, (73, .43 + 0, G-^; anthers extrorse ; ovary usually 

 unilocular, with parietal plaoentation. 



These plants (Xyris, Abolboda) inhabit swamps in tropical or sub-tropical 

 regions. 



Order 2. COMMELYNACE^E. Herbaceous plants; general floral 

 formula K'3, 03, A3 + 3, <9-^, but the number of stamens varies in 

 the genera ; anthers usually introrse ; ovary usually trilocular. 



These are mostly tropical plants. Species of Commelyna and Tradescantia 

 are cultivated as ornamental plants. 



Cohort 2. Liliales. Perianth homochlamydeous, usually 

 petaloid ; seeds with endosperm ; general floral formula IC3, C3, 



Order I. LILIACEJ;. The flowers conform generally to the 

 above formula, but 3 is replaced sometimes by 2 or 4: they are 

 not zygomorphic : endosperm oily ; fruit a capsule or a berry. 



Mostly rhizomatous or bulbous plants : 



rarely trees or shrubs. 



Sub-order 1. LILIOIDEJE, with aloculicidal cap- 

 sule, introrse anthers, and united styles. Bulbous 

 plants. 



The family Tulipea includes the following 

 genera : Lilium, Fritiliaria, Tulipa, Erythronium, 

 Lloydia, Calochortus (with septicidal capsule). 



Many species are cultivated. Lilium candidum 

 r IG. 3P2. Flower of the 



Hyacinth : a a a the three is the white Lil J '> L - bulbiferum, producing bulbils 

 outer ; i the three inner in the axils of the upper leaves ; L. Martagon, 

 segments of the perianth, the Turk's Cap Lily ; L. tigrinum, the Tiger-Lily ; 

 L ' $ P eciosum ' ratum, etc. Fritiliaria imperial* 

 is the Crown Imperial, the flowers of which are 

 surmounted by a crown of leaves. Tulipa Gesneriana is the Tulip. Erythron- 

 ium Dens-Canis is the Dog-Tooth Violet. Calochortus is the Mariposa Lily of 

 California. The following occur wild in Britain: Lilium Martagon; Tulipa 

 sylrestris, wild Yellow Tulip ; Fritiliaria Meleagris, the Snake's Head ; Lloydia 

 serotina. 



The Scillta includes the following genera amongst others : Galtonia, 

 Hyacinthus, Muscari, Chionodoxa, Lachenalia, etc., in which the seg- 

 ments of the perianth cohere more or less (Fig. 362); Scilla, Camassia, 

 Ornithogalum, etc., with free perianth-leaves. The following occur wild in 

 Britain : Hyacinthus non- script us, the Blue Bell ; Muscari racemosum, the 

 Grape Hyacinth; Scilla verna and autumnalis ; Ornithogalum nutans, the Star 

 of Bethlehem. 



Sub-order 2. MELANTHIOIDEJE or COLCHICOIDE^E, with a usually septicidal 



