GROUP IV. PHANUROGAMIA: ANGIOSPERM^ : MONOCOTYLEBONES. 559 



the diclinous flowers are borne in the axils of minute leaves. Paris quadrifolia 

 (Herb Paris) is poisonous: the flowers are tetramerous, or exceptionally tri- 

 inerous or pentamerous : they are terminal, and the stem beneath bears four 

 (or three or five) leaves in a whorl beneath the flower (Fig. 364) ; the venation 

 of the leaves is reticulate. Trillium, the Wood Lily, is frequently cultivated. 

 Aspidistra lurida is the Parlour Palm. 



Maianthemum bifolium, Paris quadrifolia, Puscus aculeatus, Convallaria 

 majalis, Polygonatum verticillatum, multiflorum, and officinale, are wild in 

 England. 



Sub-order 7. SMILA.COIDE#;, scrambling shrubs, having 3-5 ribbed leaves with 

 reticulate venation. The roots of species 

 of Smilax constitute Sarsaparilla. 



The other sub-orders are : OPHIOPO- 

 GONOIDE.E, of which Ophiopogon and 

 Sansevieria are the more familiar 

 genera: ALETROIDEJE, Aletris (Star- 

 Grass) cultivated in gardens: Luza- 

 RiAGoiDE.aE, Lapageria cultivated in 

 greenhouses. 



Order 2. JuxcACEa;. Floral 

 formula, K3, 03, A3 + 3, G$. 

 Plants of a grass-like aspect; 

 they differ from the preceding 

 order in the dry and glumaceous 

 character of the perianth, and 

 in the starchy endosperm. The 

 leaves are linear or tubular ; 

 the inflorescence is an anthela (see p. 493). 



FIG. 364. Diagram of the flower of Paris 

 quadrifolia ; I the foliage-leaves ; op the 

 outer; ip the inner whorl of the perianth; 

 aa outer; ia inner whorl of stamens. 

 (After Sachs.) 



The species of Luzula, which has a unilocular three-seeded ovary, muWflora 

 pilosa, campestris, and sylvatica, are common in woods and on heaths. Juncus 

 has a trilocular many-seeded ovary; plants of this genus are called Bushes; 

 J. glaucus and effusus have a tubular stem and leaves, and a terminal in- 

 florescence which, is displaced laterally by a tubular bract which appears to be 

 a prolongation of the stem ; they are common in wet fields ; J. bufonius, by 

 waysides. 



Order 3. PONTEDERTACEJ:. Water-plants of tropical America, 

 with an irregular zygomorphic petaloid perianth : in other respects 

 they resemble the Liliacese. 



The commoner genera are Pontederia and Eichhornia: Eichltornia azurea 

 and crassipes are frequently cultivated as hot-house aquatics. 



V. S. B, 







