578 



PART III. THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



flowering, are still buds, and they contain monosporangiate, but monoecious, 

 flowers; the $ flowers give rise, as ripening takes place, to a spurious fruit 

 (sorosis, p. 528), consisting of spurious drupes formed by the perianths. The 

 leaves, particularly of the former species, are the food of the silkworm. Bmu*- 

 soiietia papyri/era (Paper Mulberry) has flowers like the preceding, but they are 

 dioecious : the bark is made into paper in China 

 and Japan. Madura tincturia, in Central America, 

 yields Fustic, a dye. Ficus Carica is the Fig- tree of 

 Southern Europe ; the fig itself (termed a syconus) 

 is the deeply concave axis of the inflorescence, on the 

 inner surface of which the flowers and subsequently 

 the fruits, in the form of hard grains (achenes), are 

 borne (Fig. 379 mf) ; the cavity is closed above by 

 small bracts (Fig. 379 b). Ficus elastica is the India- 

 rubber tree; it is frequently cultivated in rooms. 

 F. reliyiosa and other East Indian species yield 

 Caoutchouc, which is their inspissated milky juice 

 (latex). Ficus indica is tbe Banyan. Artocarpus 

 incisa is the Bread-fruit tree of the South Sea Islands ; 

 the large spuiious fruit (sorosis) of this tree is roasted 

 and eaten as bread. Galactodendron utile, the Cow- 

 tree of Columbia, has a nutritious latex, while that of Antiaris toxicaria (Java) 

 is poisonous. 



FIG. 379. Longitudinal 

 section of a Fig (nat. size) t 

 a a fleshy axis of the in- 

 florescence ; / ?, i <J, 

 flowers ; b bracts. 



Order 3. CANNABINACE^. Ovary dimerous, unilocular : ovule 

 suspended, campylotropous : seed with endosperm. Flowers 

 dioecious : the J flowers (Fig. 380 A) have a 5- partite perianth 

 and 5 short stamens; the $ flowers have a tubular entire perianth 

 (Fig. 380 B, p) enclosed in a bract (Fig. 380 B, d). Herbs with 



decussate leaves at least the 



In K ^ A If II lower ones and persistent stip- 



ules ; devoid of latex. 



Cannabis sativa, the Hemp, a native 

 of As7a7Tsl^Ttiva"ted throughout Europe. 

 The $ inflorescences are panicled di- 

 chasia or scorpioid cymes, and are dis- 

 posed on both sides of a rudimentary 

 shoot at the apex of the plant ; the ? 

 flowers are placed singly on both sides of 

 a similar shoot, which bears secondary 

 shoots in the axils of its leaves, each 

 having two flowers. The tough bast- 

 fibres are used in weaving and for ropes; 

 the seeds contain a great deal of oil. 

 cultivated and found wild. The stem, 

 the right, bears its leaves in pairs ; each 



FIG. 380. .4 $ flower of ttie Hop : p 

 the perianth; o stamens. B Part of ? 

 inflorescence : p perianth ; / ovary, with 

 two stigmata (n) ; each flower is enclosed 

 in. its bracteole (d) ; s scale, i.e. one of the 

 two stipules, from the common axil of 

 which the branch bearing the flowers 

 springs. 



Humulus Lnpulus, the Hop, is both 

 which has the peculiarity of twining to 



