DICOTYLEDONES : POLYPETALJ] : THALAMIFLORJ). 



601 



02 + 2, J.cc , Q ( Q or (oc ), or rarely with trimerous whorls : calyx 

 sepaloid, corolla petaloid : the numerous whorls of stamens alter- 

 nate : ovary of two lateral carpels or of more (Fig. 404 a), two- 

 or more-chambened : ovules numerous, attached to the more or 

 less infolded edges of the carpels : endosperm abundant, embryo 

 small. The sepals commonly fall off before the flower expands 

 (Fig. 404 &). Plants with abundant milky latex. 



Papaver, the Poppy, has a many-chambered ovary ; the iruit is a porous 

 capsule (Fig. 342 D) : P. somniferum is cultivated for the sake of the oil con- 

 tained in tbe seeds, and for the latex obtained from its capsules, which, when 

 inspissated, constitutes opium : several species are British, such as P. Rhceus, 

 tbe Field Poppy; P. Argemone, the Pale or Long Prickly-headed Poppy; P. 

 hyhridum, tbe Eound Prickly-headed Poppy ; P. dnbium, the Long Smooth- 

 headed Poppy ; and Meconopsis cambrica, the Yellow Welsh Poppy. Chelidonium 

 majus, the Celandine, has 

 two carpels, a siliquose 

 fruit, and orange-coloured 

 milky latex. Glaucium, 

 the Horned Poppy, has a 

 siliquose fruit which is 

 generally spuriously bilo- 

 cular. Eschschultzia cali- 

 fornica is a cultivated 

 plant ; it has a hollow re- 

 ceptacle, so that its flowers 

 are almost perigynous. 



Order 2. FUMARI- 

 ACEJ;. Flowers isobi- 

 laterally symmetrical, 

 or zjgomorphic with 

 lateral symmetry: 

 floral formula K>, (72 + 2, .42 + 2, G. The three whorls of the 

 perianth alternate; one of the outer petals (rarely both) is usually 

 furnished with a,spur: in most genera there are three stamens on 

 each side, a central one, with a perfect anther (the stamen of the 

 outer whorl, Fig. 405 -Ba), and two lateral stamens, each with only 

 half an anther (apparently the halves of the stamens of the inner 

 whorl; Fig. 405 Ba t a^). The fruit is siliquose and many-seeded, 

 or one-seeded and indehiscent. Herbaceous plants without milky 

 latex, sometimes climbing by means of their petioles which act as 

 tendrils (Adlumia, Fumaria). Seeds containing endosperm. 



FIG. 404. Flower of Chelidonium, majus (nat. size); 

 fc calyx ; ca outer, ci inner petals ; a S'amens ; n btigma. 

 A Diagram of the flower of Chelidonium. o Many, 

 chambered ovary of Papaver. 



The flowers of Adlutnia, Dicentra, and Hypecoum are isobilaterally syrmnet- 



