DICOTYLEDONES : POLYPETALJJ : 



619 



or yellow dye ; R. Frangula has scattered leaves ; its wood produces a par- 

 ticularly light charcoal. 



Order 4. AMPELIDACEJ:. Formula same as in RhamnaceEe: sepals 

 small ; the corolla is often thrown off before it opens (Fig. 422 A c) : 

 a glandular disc between the andrcecium and the gyneeceum : 

 ovules one or two in each loculus: fruit baccate. Climbing plants, 

 with stem-tendrils ; leaves palmate, exstipulate or stipulate. 



Vitis vinifera, the Grape-Vine, probably derived from the East, is cultivated 

 in endless varieties ; other species, such as V. vulpina and Labrusca, as also 

 Ampelopsis hederacea, the Virginian Creeper, are also frequently cultivated. The 

 tendrils of the Vine (Fig. 24 A) are branches bearing scaly leaves in the axils of 

 which other branches arise : their peculiar position opposite to the foliage- 

 leaves may be explained as follows : the ordinary shoots are sympodia, and 

 each tendril is the terminal segment of a member of the sympodium ; the fol- 

 lowing member is a shoot springing from the axil of the loliage-Kaf which is 

 opposite to the tendril. 

 Every third leaf has no 

 tendril opposite to it, 

 that is to say, the mem- 

 bers of the sympodium 

 alternately bear one or 

 two leaves. The inflor- 

 escences occupy the 

 same positions as the 

 tendrils. Each leaf has 

 also a bud in its axil, 

 which either remains 

 undeveloped or gives rise to a dwarf-shoot : from the axil of the cataphyllary leaf 

 of the dwarf-shoot an ordinary shoot is developed. In some species of Ampe- 

 lopsis (e.g. A. Ve.itcliii and Roylei) the tendrils attach themselves to flat surfaces 

 by means of discoid suckers developed at their tips. 



Order 5. AQUIFOLIACEJ;. Disc wanting: one or two suspended 

 ovules in each loculus of the usually tetramerous ovary : stamens 

 free, or adnate to and alternate with the petals : petals often con- 

 nate at the base : leaves scattered, exstipulate. 



Ilex Aqui folium, the Holly, with its coriaceous, spinous, evergreen leaves, is 

 common in plantations and woods : fruit a berry. The leaves known in com- 

 merce as Paraguay tea are derived from /. paraguensis in South America. 



Order 6. THYMEL^ACEJI. Flowers more or less perigynous, 

 with a disc ; calyx and receptacle petaloid, with a four-lobed 

 limb (Fig. 329 D) ; corolla often suppressed, or more or less rudi- 

 mentary : stamens sometimes in two whorls, and then the four 

 stamens opposite to the sepals are inserted hio-her on the tube of 



FIG. 422. Flower of Vitis vinifera, and diagram. A At 

 the moment of opening:. B Open ; fc calyx; c corolla; d 

 glands; s stamens; /ovary; n stigma (slightly mag.). 



