CHEMOTAXIS 169 



observations on the nature and origin of the colouring 

 matters of fungi. 



Bourquelot and Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Myc., 1896, p. 17. 



Griffiths, Compt. Rend., 1896, p. 1342. 



Liebermann, Ber. d. deut. Chem. Ges., Bd. 7, p. 1102 

 (1874). 



Nadson, Trav. de la Soc. Nat de St. Petersb., 1891. 



Prillieux, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 2, May 1877. 



Vuillemin, Bull. Soc. des Set. de Nancy, 1898. 



Zopf, Beitr. zur Morph. und Physiol. niederer Org., 

 1892. 



CHEMOTAXIS ( = Chemotropism) 



The direction of movement influenced by chemical 

 stimuli. This term was suggested by Pfeffer, who, in 

 experimenting with the antherozoids of cryptogams, pro- 

 tozoa and bacteria, showed that not only food-stuffs, but 

 also solutions of various salts, acids, and alkalies possessed 

 the power of directing the movements of these organisms. 

 Certain of these substances exercise an attractive influence 

 positive chemotaxis; others exercise a repelling influ- 

 ence negative chemotaxis. Following Pfeffer, Miyoshi 

 cultivated fungi in gelatine containing a small amount of 

 sugar, which was separated by a membrane from a second 

 layer of gelatine containing a larger proportion of sugar; 

 the hyphae bored through the membrane into the layer 

 containing the largest amount of sugar. He also showed 

 that the hyphae of Penicillium glaucum and species of 

 Botrytis passed through the epidermal cell-walls of living 

 leaves, which had previously been injected with a positively 

 chemotactic substance. The germ-tubes of Penicillium 



