2 74 TEXT-BOOK OF FUNGI 



a granular network or a number of chromatin granules, 

 which may be disseminated through the protoplasm, or 

 grouped around the nucleolus. 



' 4. The nucleolus is present in all cells. It appears to 

 be a perfectly homogeneous body, which may, however, at 

 times appear granular owing to the granules around it. 



' 5. In young cells numerous chromatin- vacuoles are often 

 found. These appear to fuse together to form the single 

 vacuole which occurs in cells during the early, and some- 

 times later, stages of fermentation. 



' 6. In the process of budding, the division of the nuclear 

 apparatus does not exhibit any definite stages of karyokin- 

 esis. It must, I think, be regarded as a direct division 

 of the nucleolus into two equal or nearly equal parts, 

 accompanied by division of the chromatin-vacuole, net- 

 work, or granules. 



' 7. The nucleolus divides either in the neck joining the 

 bud to the mother-cell, or more rarely in the mother-cell 

 itself, one of the products of division passing subsequently 

 into the bud. 



'8. In spore formation the chromatin disseminated 

 through the protoplasm becomes absorbed more or less 

 completely into the nucleolus, which then divides by 

 elongation and constriction into two. During the division 

 deeply stained granules (chromosomes ?) appear surrounded 

 by a less deeply stained substance, which remains for a 

 time connecting the two daughter-nucleoli together. This 

 may perhaps indicate a simple, intermediate stage of 

 karyokinesis. 



'9. Subsequent divisions take place, resulting in the 

 formation of four (sometimes more) nucleoli. Each 

 nucleolus becomes surrounded by protoplasm and a 



