FIG. 88 Ustilago avenae, a parasite on oats, i, a 'smutted' 

 ear of oats ; 2, spores ; 3, germinating spores : numerous 

 secondary spores are prodViced by each cell of the promy- 

 celium : these secondary spores reproduce themselves rapidly 

 by budding, as in yeasts, and frequently form simple or 

 branched chains before they separate from the promycelium ; 

 4, secondary spores conjugating in pairs. Fig. i, reduced ; 

 the remainder highly mag. 



