726 



INDEX 



Excitation, see Stimulation. 



accompanied by heat and electricity, 51. 



automatic, 52, 356, 570, 580. 



of muscle and nerve, 414. 



polar law of, 424, 426. 



propagation of, through the heart, 187. 



rate of transmission of, see Transmission of 



stimulus. 



Excrements, see Faces. 



Excreta, apportionment of chemical elements 

 to, 89. 



determination of, in metabolism experi- 

 ments, 84; see also various excretory 

 organs. 

 Excretion, definition of, 40. 



by kidney, 384. 



by lungs, 346. 



by skin, 394. 



in unicellular organisms, 40. 



of carbon dioxide, 89. 



of iron, 308, 309. 



of nitrogen, 89, 90. 



through intestine, 133, 298, 309. 

 Excretory organs, function of, 31. 

 Expansion of thorax, 310, 312. 

 Expansion movements of pseudopodia, 43. 

 Expiration, see Respiration and Respiratory 

 movements. 



definition of, 310. 



description of, 317. 



effects of, on arterial blood pressure, 230. 



muscles of, 317. 



pressure changes in air passages in, 321, 322. 



in thorax in, 310, 312. 

 Expired air, composition of, 342. 



poisonous constituents in, 344. 

 Expulsion period in parturition, 698. 

 Extension, curve of, in resting muscle, 412, 



Fig. 150; 413, Fig. 152. 

 External auditory meatus, 494, Fig. 196. 

 Extractives, effect of, on gastric glands, 264. 



food value of, 109. 

 Extremities, vasoconstrictor nerves of, 232. 



vasodilator nerves of, 235. 

 Eye, accommodation in, 529 seq. 



after-images of, negative, 539. 

 positive, 538. 



binocular field of vision of, 551, 552, Fig. 242. 



blind spot of, 516, Fig. 212. 



cardinal points of, 512, 513, Fig. 210. 



changes produced in retina of, by action of 

 light, 537, Fig. 231 ; 538, Fig. 232. 



choroid coat of, 527. 



convergence of visual axes of, 534, 556, 557, 



Fig. 230. 

 center for, 535. 



dichromatic, 546. 



dispersion circles in, 517. 



emmetropic, 519, Fig. 215. 



Eye, excitation of retina of, 536. 

 far-point of, 520. 

 fatigue and recovery of, 539. 

 focal distances of, 512. 

 fovea centralis of, 514, 517, 541. 

 hypermetropia of, 519, Fig. 215; 520. 

 images, formation of, on the retina of, 513, 



556, Fig. 248. 

 iris of, 527. 



light-perceiving layer of retina of, 514. 

 muscular strabism of, 555. 

 myopia of, 519, Fig. 215. 

 near-point of, 529. 

 optical constants of, 508. 

 optical defects of, 520. 



angle between line of vision and visual 



axis, 525. 



astigmatism, 522, 524, Fig. 219. 

 chromatic aberration, 526, Fig. 221. 

 entoptic phenomena, 521, Fig. 216; 522, 



Fig. 217. 



form of refracting surfaces in, 522. 

 spherical aberration, 522, 523. 

 ora serrata of, 514. 

 perception of depth by, 556. 

 primary position of, 549. 

 pupil of, constriction of, 528. 



center for, 529. 

 dilatation of, 528. 

 center for, 529. 

 reduced, 512. 

 refracting media of, 508. 

 refraction in, 510, Fig. 207. 

 rotation center of, 549. 

 schematic, 511, 513, Fig. 210. 

 sensations of color in, 541. 

 complementary colors, 543. 



successive color induction, 542. 

 theories of color vision, 544, 546. 

 simultaneous contrast in vision in, 547. 



explanation of, 548, 549. 

 static refraction of, 519, Fig. 215. 

 stereoscopic vision of, 558. 

 trichromatic, 545. 

 ultra-red rays, effect of, on, 536. 

 ultra-violet rays-, effect of, on, 53"-. 

 visible rays of spectrum in, 536. 

 visual angle and limits of vision in, 517. 

 Eye as an optical instrument, 508. 

 Eye movements, 549. 



induction of, by stimulation of cerebral cor- 

 tex, 640, 658. 

 limits of, 551, Fig. 241. 

 relation of corpora quadrigemina to, 613. 

 significance of, for projection of visual im- 

 pressions, 552. 

 synergic, 616. 

 Eye muscles, 549. 



action of, 549, 550, Fig. 240. 



