54 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY 



WILSON, ALEXANDER STEPHEN: Further Experiments with Lolium temulentum. 

 Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette, 1873, 1702-1703 (December 20). 



LABORATORY WORK 



Suggestion to Teacher. Dried specimens with flowers should be kept of each of 

 the plants in the list below and in quantity sufficient to supply each member of the 

 class. These specimens should be made when the material is available, one set of 

 plants should be mounted conveniently for use in demonstration. Darnel with grains, 

 Death Camas, Stagger-grass, White Hellebore, Lily of the Valley, Meadow Saffron, 

 Red Root, Lady Slipper Orchid. As many of these listed plants should be distributed 

 (usually one or two in the single laboratory hour), as can be described conveniently. 

 Selected plants above will be found in the eastern and western parts of America and in 

 Europe (Meadow Saffron). 



LABORATORY EXERCISES 



1. Describe each specimen according to the accompanying outline, or to the outline 

 with maps and other data in the Students' Herbarium for Descriptive and Geographical 

 Purposes published by Christopher Sower Company, 124 N. i8th Street, Philadelphia, 

 1 90 1. European and western American botanists can use the species corresponding 

 to those in the above list. 



Outline for Study of Plant 



Root. Primary, or secondary, kind (fibrous, fleshy, etc.), shape. 

 Stem. Dicotyledonous, or monocotyledonous, size (height, girth, etc.), kind, shape, 



peculiarities. 

 Leaf. Phyllotaxy, stipulate, or exstipulate, petiolate, or sessile, simple or compound, 



general shape, venation, margin, apex, base, etc. 

 Flower. Inflorescence, perfect, or imperfect, complete, or incomplete, regular, or 



irregular, symmetrical, or unsymmetrical, bracteate, or ebracteate, bracts (kind, 



etc.) 

 Calyx. Aposepalous, or gamosepalous, insertion, aestivation, number of sepals, 



shapes, etc. 

 Corolla. Apopetalous, or gamopetalous, insertion, aestivation, number of petals, 



shapes, color, etc. 



Stamens: Insertion, relation to each other, relation to other parts, number. 

 Pistil. Apocarpous, or syncarpous, number of carpels, ovary superior, or inferior, 



number of cells, placentation. 

 Fruit. Simple, etc, 

 Seeds. Albuminous, or exalbuminous. 



2. Distribute stained sections of darnel fruit in oil of cloves, or xylol, for the study, 

 of the fungus symbiotic in the grain of the plant. 



3. Distribute for permanent mounting sections of the stem and of the leaves of the 

 lady slipper orchid to show position -and structure of the glandular hairs of the epi- 

 dermal surface. 



