THE MOST IMPORTANT CEREALS 175 



in the feeding of stock. The honey made from the nectar of buckwheat 

 by honey-bees has a high reputation for flavor. The plant is sometimes 

 used as a green manure, being rich in ash and nitrogen. 



Cultivation. The seed bed is prepared immediately preceeding the 

 sowing of buckwheat by plowing and harrowing the soil. The farmers of 

 northern Pennsylvania have a saying that buckwheat should be planted 

 when the chestnut tree comes into flower, but the date of seeding varies 

 from May ist to August ist, the preferred time being the middle of June 

 to the middle of July. The plant comes into flower early and continues 

 to bloom until frost comes. Buckwheat is usually harvested when the 

 first achenes are mature, which is usually in September. Much is still 

 harvested with a cradle. The plants are not bound, but are set up in 

 shocks like maize fodder and threshed, as soon, as dry. The yield per 

 acre varies from five to fifty bushels. An average of twenty to twenty- 

 five bushels is considered a satisfactory yield. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The following items are arranged according to the cereal plants discussed above 

 without any attempt at making the list complete. 



Maize 



ARCTOWSKI, HENRY K.: Studies on Climate and Crops. Corn Crops in the United 

 States. Bulletin American Geographical Society, xliv, 745-760, October, 1912. 



BOWMAN, M. L. and CROSSLEY, B. W.: Corn Growing, Judging, Breeding, Feeding, 

 Marketing. Ames, Iowa, Second Edition, 1911. 



BRAND, CHARLES J.: The Utilization of Crop Plants in Paper Making. Yearbook, 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1910, 329-340; Crop Plants for Paper Making, 

 Circular 82, Bureau of Plant Industry, 1911. 



GATES, H. R.: Farm Practice in the Cultivation of Corn. Bulletin 320, U. S. De- 

 partment of Agriculture, 1916. 



CHILCOTT, E. C., COLE, J. S. and BURR, W. W.: Corn in the Great Plains Area. Bull- 

 etin 219, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1915. 



COLLINS, G. N.: A New Type of Indian Corn from China. Bulletin 161, Bureau of 

 Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1909; The Importance of Broad 

 Breeding in Corn. Bulletin 141, Part IV, Bureau of Plant Industry, 1909; Apo- 

 gamy in the Maize Plant. Contributions, U. S. National Herbarium, xii, 453- 

 455, 1909; Increased Yields of Corn from Hybrid Seed. Yearbook, U. S. De- 

 partment of Agriculture, 1910, 319-328; The Value of First Generation Hybrids in 

 Corn. Bulletin 191, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 1910; The Origin of Maize. Journal Washington Academy of Science, II, 520- 



