236 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY 



Alligator Pear (Per sea gratissima). The tree, which yields a smooth 

 skinned fruit, is cultivated in Florida and elsewhere in the tropics. 



CEREAL CROPS 



This group includes the caryopses of maize, wheat, rye, barley, oats, 

 rice, wild rice, and others previously described in detail, and in addition the 

 following, which were not described, because of the want of space for a 

 proper presentation of their botany and usefulness: the sorghums (Andro- 

 pogon sorghum) include the cereals sorgo, kafir, milo, broom corn, shallou, 

 kowliang, durra and the millets: pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), 

 proso, hog, or broom-corn millet (Panicum miliaceum), the foxtail millet 

 (Chaetochloa italica), the barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli] and the 

 Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) . The foxtail millet 

 (Chaetochloa italica) includes the types Hungarian, Aino, German, Siberian, 

 Golden Wonder and common millets. The bibliography given later will 

 enable the student to become acquainted with them. See following bibliog- 

 raphy under "additional cereal and grain crops." 



SEED CROPS 



Cotton (Gossypium barbadense and G. herbaceum). These two species 

 are literally cultivated for their seeds for after the removal of the twisted 

 hairs from the surface of the seed coats, the seeds are ground and yield 

 a table oil and a cake used as a cattle feed. 



Coffee (Cojfea arabica}. The seeds are taken from the fruit, decorti- 

 cated and roasted before being used to make one of the favorite beverages 

 of civilized man. 



Cocoa. (Theobroma cacao}. The seeds of this tree are found in large, 

 ribbed capsules. They are removed, dried and are ground for use in mak- 

 ing chocolate by the addition of sugar. 



Coconut (Cocos nucifera}. The fruit of this palm is a drupe with a 

 large, fibrous covering inclosing the so called nut, the shell of which (the 

 endocarp of the fruit) has 3 germ pores. The shell incloses the large seed, 

 the endosperm of which inclosing the embryo, contains an abundance of 

 oil. The direct endosperm is exported as copra and from copra is ex- 

 tracted the oil used in the making of soap. 



Flax ((Linum usitatissimurri). From the seeds of the flax is obtained 

 by expression, linseed oil. 



