46 WORK OF WHITE CORPUSCLES. [BOOK i. 



that not only it is not proved that the nucleated corpuscles which 

 give rise to red corpuscles are ordinary white corpuscles, but that 

 in all probability the real hsematoblasts, the parents of red cor- 

 puscles, are special corpuscles developed in the situations where the 

 manufacture of red corpuscles takes place. So far therefore from 

 assuming, as is sometimes done, that the white corpuscles of the 

 blood are all of them on their way to become red corpuscles, it 

 may be doubted whether any of them are. In any case however, 

 even making allowance for those which migrate, a very consider- 

 able number of the white corpuscles must 'disappear' in some way 

 or other from the blood stream, and we may perhaps speak of 

 their disappearance as being a 'destruction' or 'dissolution.' We 

 have as yet no exact knowledge to guide us in this matter, but 

 we can readily imagine that, upon the death of the corpuscle, the 

 substances composing it, after undergoing changes, are dissolved 

 by and become part of the plasma. If so, the corpuscles as they 

 die must repeatedly influence the composition and nature of the 

 plasma. 



But if they thus affect the plasma in their death, it is even 

 more probable that they influence it during their life. Being 

 alive they must be continually taking in and giving out. As we 

 have already said they are known to ingest, after the fashion of an 

 amoeba, solid particles of various kinds such as fat or carmine, 

 present in the plasma, and probably digest such of these particles 

 as are nutritious. But if they ingest these solid matters they pro- 

 bably also carry out the easier task of ingesting dissolved matters. 

 If however they thus take in, they must also give out ; and thus 

 by the removal on the one hand of various substances from the 

 plasma, and by the addition on the other hand of other substances 

 to the plasma, they must be continually influencing the plasma. 

 We have already said that the white corpuscles in shed blood as 

 they die are supposed to play an important part in the clotting of 

 blood ; similarly they may during their whole life be engaged in 

 carrying out changes in the proteids of the plasma which do not 

 lead to clotting, but which prepare the proteids for their various 

 uses in the body. 



Pathological facts afford support to this view. The disease 

 called leucocythsemia (or leukaemia) is characterised by an 

 increase of the white corpuscles, both absolute and relative to the 

 red corpuscles, the increase, due to an augmented production or 

 possibly to a retarded destruction, being at times so great as to 

 give the blood a pinkish grey appearance, like that of blood mixed 

 with pus. We accordingly find that in this disease the plasma is 

 in many ways profoundly affected and fails to nourish the tissues. 

 As a further illustration of the possible action of the white cor- 

 puscles we may state that, according to some observers in certain 

 diseases in which minute organisms, such as bacteria, make their 

 appearance in the blood, the white corpuscles 'take up' these 



