THE EXTRACTIVES OF MUSCLE. 



I0 5 



2. Work. During work the glycogen disappears, being perhaps 

 transformed into sugar and the products of its combustion, of which 

 lactic acid may be an intermediate one 1 (Weiss, Manchc, Monari). 

 This loss of glycogen is shown by numerous analyses, of which the 

 following from Manche will serve as a type : 



3. Removal of liver. Minkowski, 2 Laves, 3 and Schmelz 4 find that 

 after removal of the liver the muscle glycogen rapidly diminishes. Some 

 observers, 5 however, consider that the muscles have a glycogenic 

 function apart from that of the liver. 



4. Cutting the nerve of a muscle causes an accumulation of glycogen 

 in the muscle so paralysed. 6 



5. Cutting the tendon of a muscle produces the same effect. 7 



6. Ligature of the artery of a muscle leads to a decrease in its 

 glycogen, especially if cedema follows the operation, the accumulated 

 lymph leading to saccharification (Chandelon, Manche). 



Sugar. During life the sugar in muscle is at a minimum ; it 

 increases after death as the glycogen disappears. The sugar is not 

 maltose, as Nasse 8 supposed, but dextrose, as Meissner 9 suggested ; the 

 work of Panormoff lo with the phenylhydrazine reaction has placed this 

 beyond doubt. Small quantities of dextrin are found as an intermediate 

 product. 11 



Inosite. The occurrence of this substance in voluntary muscle 

 has been noted by Scherer 12 and Limpricht ; in unstriated muscle by 

 Lehmann ; and in heart muscle, where it is more abundant than in 

 skeletal muscle, by Boruttau. 13 



Fat. This is always obtained from muscle, though whether any 

 occurs in the true muscular substance apart from the entangled 

 adipose tissue, it is difficult to say. Dormeyer 14 finds that after muscle 

 has been subjected to preliminary gastric digestion, ether extracts 8'5 



1 Weiss, loc. cit. ; Manchu, Ztschr. f. BioL, Miinchen, Bd. xxv. S. 163 ; Monari, Chem. 

 Centr.-Ll., Leipzig, 1889, Bd. ii. S. 372. 



^ Arch, f. cxper. Path. u. PharmakoL, Leipzig, Bd. xxiii. S. 139. 



3 Inaug. Diss., Konigsberg, 1886. 



4 Ztschr. f. Biol., Miinchen, Bd. xxv. S. 180. 



5 Prausnitz. Ibid., Bd. xxvi. S. 377 ; Schmelz, loc. cit. 



6 Chandelon, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, Bd. xiii. S. 626 ; Manchd, loc. cit. 



7 E. Krauss, Virchow's Archiv, Bd. cxiii. S. 315. 



8 "Zur. Anat. u. Physiol. der quergestreiften Muskel," Leipzig, 1882. 



9 Nadir, v. d. k. Gcscllsch. d. Wisscnsch. u. d. Gearg-Aug.-Unii\,Gottinsen, 1861, S. 206 : 

 1862, S. 157. 



10 Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem., Strasslmrg, Bd. xvii. 



11 Nasse, loc. cit. ; Limpricht, loc. cit. 



Ann. d. Chem., Leipzig, Bd. Ixxvii. S. 322. 



13 Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem., Strasslmrg, Bd. xviii. S. 513. 



14 Arch.f. d. gcs. Physiol., Bonn, 1896, Bd. Ixv. S. 90. 



