TEMPERATURE OF COLD-BLOODED ANIMALS. 793 



was raised to 21'l within fifteen minutes. On another occasion, when the 

 external temperature was 1*4, that of the hive full of active bees was 38'9. 

 The temperatures of individual nurse bees, brooding over the young bees in 

 the -combs, was as high as 29 '4, while the temperature of the cell after the bee 

 left it was 24 and that of the air 22. 



Similar results have been obtained by Reaumur, 1 Huber, 2 Dutrochet, 3 

 Nobili and Melloni, 4 and others. 



In marked distinction to bees are other insects, such as some wasps and 

 flies, which can pass the winter in a state of torpor, their temperature varying 

 with that of their surroundings. 



The difference between the temperature of the animal and that of its 

 surroundings varies in different classes of the cold-blooded animals. The 

 following are results obtained by different observers : 



The results of observations on the temperature of other cold-blooded animals 

 will be found recorded in the works of Tiedemann, 10 Eudolphi, 11 Newport, 12 

 Valentin, 13 Dutrochet, 14 Milne Edwards, 15 and Gavarret. 16 



1 " Me^n. pour servira 1'histoire des insectes," M^m. 13, tome iv. 



2 "Nov. obser. sur les abeilles," tome ii. p. 336. 



3 Ami. d. sc. nat.. Paris, 1840, "Zoologie," Ser. 2, tome xiii. p. 5. 



Rectal. 



4 Ann. d. chim. etphys., Paris, Ser. 2, tome xlviii. p. 207. 



6 "Works," Palmer's edition, London, 1837, vol. iv. p. 131 et seq. 



7 Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1862, p. 365. 



8 "Researches," London, 1839, vol. i. p. 189; ibid., p. 219. 



9 Journ. dephys., Paris, 1821. 10 "Physiologic," Bd. i. S. 454. 



11 " Grundriss der Physiol.," Bd. i. S. 151 et seq. 



12 Phil. Trans., London, 1837, pt. 2, p. 259. 



13 Repert.f. Anat. u. Physiol., 1839, Bd. iv. S. 359. 



14 Ann. d. sc. nat., Paris, 1840, "Zoologie," Ser. 2, tome xiii. p. 5. 



15 " Le9ons sur la physiol.," tome viii. p. 7. 



16 Article " Chaleur animale," " Dictionnaire ency eloped ique d. sciences medicales," 

 Paris, 1874, Se"r. 1, tome xv. ; " De chaleur produite par les etres vi van ts, " Paris, 1855, 

 p. 113. 



