8io 



ANIMAL HEAT. 



355 hours' hunger the rectal temperature fell from 39'08 to 38 0< 4 ; after 

 369 hours, to 381 ; after 393, to 35*5 ; after 415 hours, to 337 ; and 

 again, after 426 hours, to 32*4, when the animal died. 



In the case of the fasting man Tanner, 1 no fall in temperature was 

 observed after thirty days' fast ; the temperature of his mouth was 

 36*9 (984) on the twenty-fifth day, and 371 (98'8) on the thirtieth 

 day. It is uncertain whether the fast was perfectly genuine, for Tanner 

 took a certain amount of liquid. Noyes' 2 recorded a temperature of 

 34*4 (94) in the case of a partly demented man, who had taken no food 

 for forty-five days, but it is to be noted that the condition was compli- 

 cated by paralysis of the lower limbs. 



The influence of sleep. The heat of the body falls during the night 

 and <early morning, the time of inactivity and rest, but, according to 

 Barensprung 3 and Wunderlich, 4 sleep in itself has no influence on the 

 temperature. Crombie, 5 on the other hand, found that sleep during the 

 day caused a fall in temperature of about half a degree, but was 

 rapidly followed by a rise after awaking. Hunter 6 found that during 

 sleep the temperature fell about eight-tenths of a degree. The observa- 

 tions of Jlirgensen and Liebermeister 7 show that the temperature of a 

 man asleep is not lower than his temperature at a similar time of day 

 when he is awake and lying still. Inactivity causes a fall in temperature, 

 and sleep is a condition in which inactivity is most marked. Lieber- 

 meister 8 found that, by contracting the habit of sleeping each afternoon 

 for ten days, the mean temperature of his axilla fell to about 36 0> 5, 

 whereas it had previously been for that time of day 37'3. Observations 

 by U. Mosso 9 also show that sleep during the daytime causes a fall in 

 the rectal temperature of man. 



The influence of sex. Very little difference in temperature can 

 be observed in the two sexes. 10 Women may have a slightly higher 

 temperature, but the difference does not exceed half a degree ; their 

 temperature, however, appears to be more liable to variations. Davy n 



1 Brit. Med. Journ., London, 1880, vol. ii. p. 171. 2 Ibid., p. 557. 



3 Arch. f. Anat., Physiol u. wissensch. Med., 1851, S. 163. 



4 "Medical Thermometry," p. 109. 



5 Loc. cit., p. 585. 



6 Phil. Trans., London, 1778, vol. Ixviii. pt. 1, p. 20; "Works," Palmer's edition, 

 London, 1837, vol. iv. p. 144. 



7 Liebermeister, " Handbuch d. Path. u. Therap. des Fiebers," 1875, S. 87. 



8 Ibid., S. 92. 



9 Arch. ital. de bioL, Turin, 1887, tome viii. p. 177. See also this article, p. 802. 



10 Wunderlich, "Medical Thermometry." 



11 Med. Times and Gaz., London, 1864, vol. ii. p. 337. 



