B ODIL Y TEMPERA TURE COMPA TIBLE WITH LIFE. 8 2 1 



whereas that of a normal animal exposed to cold only varied one, or 

 two-tenths of a degree. Similar results have been obtained by others. 1 



Calorimetric observations have been made by Reichert 2 upon the 

 influence of alcohol on the production and loss of heat in dogs ; he 

 found that the total heat production was not essentially altered, but the 

 loss exceeded the production, and therefore the temperature fell. The 

 doses given were T25, 2 -5, and 5 c.c. per kilo, of the animal's weight. 



Chloroform, ether, morphia, chloral, and nicotine. The general 

 effect of these drugs is to cause a fall in the temperature of the body, 3 

 and in poisonous doses to so greatly depress the power of heat regulation 

 that a warm-blooded animal passes into a condition in which it cannot 

 maintain its temperature, its respiratory exchange and temperature 

 varying with, and in the same direction as, that of its surroundings 

 (Rumpf, Pembrey). Calorimetric observations made by J. Rosen thai 

 show that under the influence of chloral the temperature of rabbits falls, 4 

 the discharge of heat is 30 to 40 per cent, greater than the normal, and 

 the production of heat and also of carbon dioxide is diminished ; strychnia 

 and tetanus, on the other hand, increase the production but diminish the 

 loss of heat. 



Cocain, 5 atropin, brucin, caffein, and veratrin raise the temperature ; 

 the most remarkable pyretic drug, however, is /3-tetra hydronaphthyl- 

 amine, which causes in the case of rabbits a rapid rise of three or four 

 degrees in the rectal temperature 6 ; curari 7 causes a marked fall in 

 temperature. 



The limits of bodily temperature compatible with life. Although 

 the range of temperature in a normal man is less than 2, yet a 

 much wider range is observed in certain pathological conditions. 

 Thus by exposure to cold, especially when the subjects are drunk, 

 the temperature may fall even as low as 24 without a fatal issue. 

 Reincke 8 has recorded numerous cases of low temperature resulting 

 from the accidental exposure of drunkards to cold air and water. 

 In two of these cases the rectal temperature was 30 and 24 re- 

 spectively ; the patients were unconscious, but under treatment 



1 Rumpf, Arch. f. d. ges. PhysioL, Bonn, 1884, Bd. xxxiii. S. 538; Ringer and Rickards, 

 loc. cit. ; Tschescliichin, Arch. f. Anat., PhysioL u. wissensch. Med., 1866, S. 161 ; Cuny 

 Bouvier, loc. cit. 



2 Therap. Gaz,, Detroit, February, 1890. 



3 Dumeril and Demarquay, " Recherches experimentales sur les modifications imprimees 

 a la temperature auimale par Tether et 1'chlovoforme," 1848 ; Brown-Se'quard, Com.pt. rend. 

 Soc. de bioL, Paris, 1849, No. 7, p. 102 ; Tschescliichin, loc. cit. ; Lallemand, Perrin, and 

 Duroy, " Du role de 1'alcool et des anesthesiques dans rorganisme," Paris, 1860 ; Spencer 

 Wells, Edin. Med. Journ., 1869, 1870 ; Richardson, Practitioner, London, 1869, 1870 ; 

 Waren Tay, Brit. Med. Journ., London, 1870, vol. i. p. 329 ; Oglesby, Practitioner, London, 

 1870; Angelesco, Compt. rend. Soc. de bioL, Paris, 1894, p. 786 ; Richet, Compt. rend. Acad. 

 d. sc., Paris, 1889, tome cix. p. 190 ; Arch, de physiol. norm, ct path., Paris, 1890, tome ii. 

 p. 221 ; Warter, Med. Times and Gaz., London, 1866, vol. ii. p. 416 ; Lichtenfels and 

 Frohlich, Denkschriften d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Math.-naturw. Cl., Wien, 1852, Bd. iii. 

 Abth. 2, S. 137 ; Hobday, Journ. Comp. Path, and Therap., Edin. and London, vol. viii. 

 p. 287; Pembrey, "Proc. Physiol. Soc.," Journ. PhysioL, Cambridge and London, 1894- 

 1895, vol. xvii. 



4 Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1890, Bd. xx. ; xxi. p. 393. 



5 Mantegazza, Ann. univ. di med. e chir., Milano, 1859, vol. clxvii. ; U. Mosso, Arch. 

 ital. de bioL. Turin, 1887, vol. viii. p. 370 ; 1891, vol. xiv. p. 288 ; Hobday, Journ. Comp. 

 Path, and Therap., Edin. and London, 1895, vol. viii. p. 20 ; 1897, vol. x. p. 80. 



6 Stern, Virchow's Archiv, 1889, Bd. cxv. S. 14 ; Fawcett and Hale White, Journ. 

 Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1897, vol. xxi. p. 435. 



17 This article, p. 841. 

 8 Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med., Leipzig, 1875, Bd. xvi, S. 12, 



