826 



ANIMAL HEAT. 



0'4 above that of the mouth, and that the difference between the 

 temperature of the axilla and of the mouth is so small that it may be 

 neglected, especially since the variation is not constantly in favour of 

 the one or the other. 



The temperature of internal parts in animals. Numerous 

 observations have been made upon the temperature of the internal 

 parts of animals, either during life or immediately after death. Some 

 of these results are now given in the following tables : 1 



Hobday 7 finds in the case of horses, cows, sheep, dogs, and pigs, that 

 the vaginal temperature is generally one-tenth of a degree lower than 

 that of the rectum ; at the times of oestrum, however, the vagina often 

 has the higher temperature. 



The temperature of arterial and venous blood. The temperature 

 of the blood has attracted considerable attention for many years 

 first, on account of the ancient view that the heat of the body was 

 produced in the heart ; and, secondly, because the work of Lavoisier 

 and Crawford tended to show that heat was produced in the blood 

 as it passed through the lungs or other parts of the body. More re- 

 cently, attention has again been directed to this question by Berthelot, 8 

 who shows that a certain amount of heat is formed in the lungs by 



1 The results of other observations will be found in Rosenthal's article, Hermann's 

 " Handbuch," Bd. iv. Th. 2, S. 393. 



2 "Works," Palmer's edition, London, 1837, vol. iv. p. 145. 



3 "Researches," London, 1839, vol. i. p. 147 ; Phil. Trans., London, 1814, p. 590. 



4 Journ. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1894, vol. xvi. p. 351. 



5 "Lecons sur la chaleur animale," 1876, p. 188. 

 G "Researches," London, 1839, vol. i. p. 159. 



7 Vet. Record, London, 1896, vol. viii. p. 488. 8 This article, p. 839. 



