8 3 8 



ANIMAL HEAT. 



(b) Calculation, according to Frankland's principle, from the heat of 

 combustion of food substances 



120 grms. proteid 

 90 fat . 

 330 ,, carbohydrate 



- 599,760 calories. 



- 816,210 



= 1,081,410 



41 grms. urea . 



Total heat production 



2,497,380 

 = 83,066 



= 2,414,314 calories. 



In the consideration of the calculations by Vierordt it is necessary 

 to remember that Dulong's principle? only leads to approximate results, 

 and that the values for the heat of combustion employed in the calcula- 

 tion according to Frankland's principle have been superseded by 

 more recent and exact determinations. For this reason the following 

 calculation is given : 



120 grms. proteid x 4000 . . . - 480,000 



90 fat x9423 . . . = 848,070 



330 carbohydrate x 41 82 . . . =1,380,060 



Heat produced by an adult man in twenty-four hours =2,708,130 calories. 

 The calculations of other observers give the following values : 



Scharling, from direct calorimetric observation, found that an adult 

 man at rest gave 132,000 calories in an hour, 3,168,000 in twenty-four 

 hours; and Him obtained the following results, 140,000 to 170,000 

 calories per hour, 3,360,000 to 4,080,000 calories in twenty-four hours. 



THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF THE BODY. 



The first determinations of the specific heat of animal and 

 vegetable tissues appear to have been made by Crawford. 4 The 



1 Encyclop. Worterb. d. med. Wissensch., 1846, Bd. xxxv. S. 523. 



2 " Lehrbuch der Physiol.," S. 747. 



3 Arch.f. d. ges. PhysioL, Bonn, 1883, Bd. xxx. S. 175. 



4 "On Animal Heat," 1788, 2nd edition, p. 139. Determinations were also made by 

 Kirwan and Dalton. 



