INFL UENCE OF BRAIN ON HE A T REGULA TION 863 



stimulation as well as by puncture of that portion of the nervous 

 system, and are probably due to traumatic stimulation. It is to be 

 noted that irregular muscular movements were observed in many of the 

 cases. 



Schreiber, 1 from the results of experiments performed upon rabbits, 

 came to the conclusion that a rise of temperature followed injury 

 to all parts of the pons, to the peclunculi cerebri, cerebellum, and 

 cerebrum, when the animal was protected by a covering of wool or 

 flannel against excessive loss of heat; injury between the medulla 

 oblongata and the pons always caused a rise in temperature. In most 

 cases, however, the rise in temperature was very small, and the experi- 

 ments were often complicated by spasms of the muscles. 



Observations upon the production of heat, as determined by a 

 calorimeter, and also upon the animal's temperature after lesions of 

 various parts of the central nervous system, were made by Wood. 2 

 Section of the spinal cord above the origin of the splanchnic nerves 

 produced an increase in the loss but a decrease in the production of 

 heat ; on the other hand, section between the medulla oblongata and the 

 pons caused an increase in both the production and loss of heat, and for 

 this reason Wood supported the view of Tscheschichin, that a moderator 

 centre exists in or above the pons. 



Eulenberg and Landois 3 found that in dogs destruction of a portion 

 of the cortex of the brain in the neighbourhood of the sulcus cruciatus 

 caused a rise of temperature, which was most marked on the side of 

 the body opposite to the lesion ; they looked upon this effect as due to 

 vasomotor disturbance. These results were confirmed by Hitzig 4 and 

 Wood, but on rabbits Klissner 5 and H. Eosenthal 6 obtained negative 

 results. 



Injury to the front of the brain was found by Eichet 7 to produce a 

 rise of temperature, and Ott 8 obtained a similar result by injury to the 

 corpus striatum ; this observation was confirmed by Girard, 9 Baginsky 

 and Lehmann. 10 In 1885, Aronsohn and Sachs 11 published the results 

 of an important series of experiments upon rabbits ; they found that 

 puncture with a probe, the greatest thickness of which was 3 mm., 

 had no effect upon the temperature of the body when the operation was 

 performed upon the front part of the cerebral hemispheres, but a 

 puncture passing through the median side of the corpus striatum near 

 the nodus cursorius of Nothnagel caused, within a few hours, a rise of 

 temperature which persisted for two or three days. The rise varied 

 from l c< 7 to 2 *4, and could also be produced by electrical stimulation of 

 the corpus striatum. Control experiments showed that the injury to 



1 Arch.f. d. ges. Physiol., Eoim, 1874, Bd. viii. S. 576. 



2 "Fever, a Study in Morbid and Normal Physiology," Smithson. Contrib. KnowL, 

 Washington, 1880. 



3 CentralbL f. d. mecl. Wissensch., Berlin, 1876, No. 15; Virchow's Archiv, 1876, 

 Bd. Ixviii. S. 245. 



4 CentralbL f. d. med. Wissensch., Berlin, 1876, No. 18. 



5 Ibid., 1877, No. 45. 



6 " Einfluss des Grosshirns auf des Korperwarme, " Diss., Berlin, 1877. 



7 Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, 29th March 1884, p. 189 ; Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc., 

 Paris, 31st March 1884 ; Arch, de physiol. norm, etpath., Paris, tome vi. 



8 Journ. Nerv. and Ment. Dis., N.Y., 1884, Nos. 7 and 8 ; 1887, p. 152 ; 1888, p. 551 ; 

 Therap. Gaz., Detroit, 1887 ; Brain, London, 1889. 



9 Arch, de physiol. norm, et path., Paris, 1886, tome viii. 



10 Vircliows Archiv, 1886, Bd. cvi. S. 258. 



11 Arch, f, d. ges. Physiol, Bonn, 1885, Bd. xxxvii. S. 232. 



