THE BONES. 35 



frequently not at the part struck, but at the base, where it is com- 

 pletely out of the reach of the surgeon. The face cannot be com- 

 pared to any known regular form ; it is excavated by several cavi- 

 ties, one large one for the mouth, another of considerable size for 

 the nose, and two smaller pyramidal ones for the eyes, called the 

 orbit. The number of bones in the head is twenty-two. 



F. the Frontal Bone. P. Parietal Bone. T. Temporal Bone. O. Occipital. S. 

 Sphenoid. C. Cheek-bone. J. Upper Jaw Bone. L. J. Lower Jaw Bone. N. Nasal 

 Bone. L. Lacrymal Bone. E. Hole leading into the Ear. 



The cranium or brain case is composed of eight bones, which are 

 mostly of a flattened form, convex externally, and concave internally 

 The frontal bone forms the forehead, and the roofs of the orbits ; 

 the occipital bone forms the back and under part of the head, and in 

 this bone is the large hole through which the spinal marrow passes 

 down from the brain. The two parietal bones meet in the middle 

 above, and form the upper and lateral parts of the head ; in the 

 centre of each is a protuberance giving the greatest breadth to the 

 head, rather further back than its middle. The temporal bones are 

 named from the Latin word tempus, signifying time, because on the 

 hair covering them, the traces of time are first manifested. They 

 are placed one on each side, occupying the inferior lateral parts of 

 the cranium, and extending into its base. In each is seen the 

 funnel-shaped opening which admits the waves of the air to the 

 drum of the ear, called the external auditory canal, to the edges of 

 which the external ear is appended. The hard part of each, ex- 

 tending into the base of the cranium, contains the proper or^r^x of 



