ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 



CHAPTER I. 



PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 



ANATOMY. The word anatomy is from the Greek, and signifies 

 to cut, carve, or dissect. In an enlarged or extended sense it 

 applies to men, plants, and animals. The latter is termed com- 

 parative anatomy. 



Human anatomy may be comprised under two divisions, 

 namely ) ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY. First, a description of the 

 organs, termed anatomical, giving an account only of their struc- 

 ture or organization. Secondly, of their uses, termed physiology. 



The human system is composed of firm and soft parts, com 

 monly called solids and fluids ; of the solids, some are hard, others 

 soft and flexible, they are the principal subjects of anatomy, pro- 

 perly so called. The solid parts are bone, cartilage, ligament, 

 fibre, membrane, vessel, artery, vein, nerve, muscle, gland, fat, 

 viscus, organ, &c. Bone is the hardest, most solid, and most in- 

 flexible part. Cartilage is a whitish or pearl colored substance, 

 softer than a bone, smooth, polished, pliable, and elastic. 



A ligament is a white, fibrous, compact substance, more pliable 

 than a cartilage ; difficult to be broken or torn ; and yielding but 

 very little when drawn out with force. 



&J fibre, is meant small filaments, which are the most simple 

 parts of the body, and which compose all other parts ; they differ 

 in substance, direction, and size, according to the parts they com- 

 pose. 



By membrane we mean a pliable texture of fibres interwoven 

 together ; these are termed laminae. Small portions of membranes, 

 when very thin, are called pellicula ; and this, when united to 

 thicker membranes, is termed the cellular or spongy substance. 



JOHN LOW), M. D. 



Jamestown, N. Y. 



OFFICE NO. & WAIN ST M 



Residence 50 Alien 8t 



